Planning is deciding in advance what to do how to do it when to do it and who is to do it Planning is the process of establishing goals and a suitable course of action for achieving those goals ID: 1012209
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1. PlanningChapter 3Unit 2
2. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.Planning is the process of establishing goals and a suitable course of action for achieving those goals.It provides the bridge to take us from where we are to where we want to go.It is a mental predisposition to do things in an orderly way, to think before acting and to act in the light of facts rather than guesses.Planning defined
3. Goal orientedFuture orientedContinuousPervasivenessIntellectual processPrimacy of PlanningHelps in Co-ordinationInvolves decision makingEfficiency, Economy and AccuracyPlanning:Nature and Characteristics
4. Minimizes risks of uncertaintyFacilitates coordinationFacilitates proper directionEstablishes standard for controlImproves efficiencyEncourages innovationFacilitates decision makingReduces wastage of resourcesAdvantages of Planning
5. Time consumingInvolves paper workExpensiveGenerates RigidityDangers of over targeting and under targetingDanger of Human errorProblems with technical and creative staffProblems of changing situationsLimitations of Planning
6. Planning Process
7. Objectives:provide purpose of the enterpriseend point of planningact as guide to overall planning processStrategyComplete plan for accomplishing organizational goalsFraming long term objectivesPoliciesGeneral guide to thinking and action rather than a specific course of actionProcedureSteps to carry out routine activitiesElements of Planning
8. MethodPrescribed manner in which a task is to be performedDeals with task comprising one step of a procedureRuleStatements informing what should be done what not under a given situationNo flexibility or discretion allowedProgrammeConcrete scheme of action designed to accomplish given tasksIncludes steps to be taken, resources to be used, time limits for each step and assignment of tasksDetailed statements about a project outlining objectives, policies, procedures, rules, resources required and budget to implement any course of actionBudgetPlan quantifying future facts and figuresRepresents the total income and expensesElements of Planning
9. Types of Planning
10. By Peter DruckerEach and every employee of the organization working whole heartedly towards the attainment of objectives of the organizationObjectives of the organization must be set by both management and subordinates jointlyAims at coordinating individual goals with organizational rolesMBO-Management by Objectives
11. Goal specificityParticipative decision makingExplicit time periodPerformance feedbackElements of MBO
12. MBO Process
13. Optimum utilization of human resourcesBetter communicationFixed responsibilityIncreased employee morale and motivationCareer development of the employeesEffective planning and controlAdvantages of MBO
14. Insufficient support from top managementInsufficient integration with other systemsImproper follow upTime consumingReward punishment approach-stressDifficult to coordinate management and employees objectives Disadvantages of MBO
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