ecognize A ttack D estroy A nd R emember Bodies defense against pathogens Immune System recognizes the identity of foreign substances Antigens are found on the cells of all organisms and your body is able to identify your own cells and tell when a foreign cell has entered the system ID: 928796
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Slide1
The Immune System
Slide2RADAR
R
ecognize
A
ttack
D
estroy
A
nd
R
emember
Slide3Bodies defense against pathogens
Immune System recognizes the identity of foreign substances
Antigens are found on the cells of all organisms and your body is able to identify your own cells and tell when a foreign cell has entered the system
Foreign antigens trigger a
reponce to attack the pathogen
The Function of the Immune System
Slide4Immunity
-
an accumulation of specific antibodies enabling an individual to resist specific diseases.
Immunity
Slide5Unlike other body systems, The Immune System is NOT contained within a single set of organs or vessels,
Action depends on structures from lymphatic, cardiovascular, and
Integumentary
systems
Works primarily through antigen-antibody reactionStructures of the Immune System
Slide6Organs of
the
Immune
System
Slide7Pathogens
- Foreign invaders that enter the immune system and cause an immune response.
Also known as AntigensBacteriaVirusesFungiProtists
What causes you to get sick?
Streptococcus BacteriaRhinovirusAmoebic Dysentery
Slide8Pathogens have tags surrounding them called
antigens
that indicate that they are invaders to the body
Bacteria
Antigens
Antigens
Slide9Antigen vs. Antibody
Antigen
- any substance that the body regards as foreign (virus, bacterium, toxin)Antibody
- a disease fighting protein developed by the body in response to the presence of an antigen
Antigen-antibody reaction or immune reaction
Slide10Cells of the Immune System
Slide11Slide12White Blood Cells
Phagocytes
(macrophage )-
phagocytic
(surrounds and engulfs) protects body by ingesting invading cellsLymphocytes – Cells that produce specific antibodies against a foreign pathogenLeukocytes- Another name for white blood cells, there are two general classes of leukocytes
Slide13Lymphocytes
T cells or T Lymphocytes
mature in thymus gland
Cell mediated immunity
B cells or B Lymphocytesmature in bone marrowantibody-mediated immunity
Slide14Disease
Any change other than injury that disrupts the normal functioning of the body. Some diseases are inherited, some are caused by environmental factors, and other are caused by agents such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.
FAILURE IN HOMEOSTASIS
Slide15Why are we so susceptible to disease?
The human body provides the right conditions for pathogens. We provide them with the right temperature, watery environment nutrients
Slide16How do pathogens cause disease?
Break down tissue in infected organs
Release toxins into the body
Live and feed inside the infected organism
Destroy host cells
Slide17How can a pathogen enter the body?
Bodily fluids
Break in the skin
Food
WaterAirInsect bites (Insects are vectors)Vector-Animal that carried a disease causing organism
Slide18Non-specific Defense
Skin
Barrier Provides and acidic environment
Slide19Mucus- Found in the nose and throat
Slide20Bodily
Secreations
Tears
Saliva
SweatAll contain Lysozymes which destroy bacteria and viruses
Slide21Slide22Second Line of Defense
The Immune System- bodies primary defense against pathogens
Pathogens are disease causing microbes
Slide23Inflamatory
Response
What do you think happens to the number of white blood cells in the area?
Slide24Why do you get a fever?
Bacteria and Viruses have a certain temperature range in which they can function. Raising the temperature from 98.6 to 100 or greater will cause the bacteria and the viruses to die.
Slide25Interferon
Inhibits the synthesis of viral proteins in infected cells and will help block viral replication
Slide26If the pathogen gets
Past the First and Second
Line of defense:
The Immune Response
Will take place
Slide2727
body responds by producing specific antibodies against invading antigens due to:
A. Contact with the disease causing organism or their products.
B. Receiving a vaccination. Ex. Sabin vaccine – polio tetanus
Active Immunity
Slide2828
A. Temporary form of Immunity
B. Antibodies (from mothers milk, or from another organism) are introduced into the body Passive Immunity
Slide29Types of Immunity
Slide30Vaccines
Dead or weakened pathogen injected into the body
Causes white blood cells to produce antibodies
Immune System remembers what the pathogen looks like
If you come in contact with the disease after you receive a vaccine it will cause a quick immune response and you will never get sick
Slide31Allergies
Immune System response to a harmless substance
Food, Pollen, Bee Stings
Immune System releases
histamines, which cause rash, swelling, tears, runny nose and watery eyes
Antihistamines
reduce these
symptoms
Slide32Organ Transplants
Contain antigens from another person
Immune system does not recognize it as self and will attack it (Rejection)
Immunosupresent
Drugs are taken to weaken the immune system of a person receiving a transplanted organ
Slide33Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
HIV infects T-helper cells with often a long incubation of up to 10 years
AIDS name applied during advanced stages of disease
After immune system destroyed, opportunistic infections occur.
AIDS
Slide34Autoimmune Disease
Antigens stimulate development of antibodies that are unable to distinguish antigens of internal cells.
Body makes antibodies and T cells against itself and attacks own tissues.
Multisystemic
involvement.Myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis
Slide35Juvenile Diabetes
An autoimmune reaction attacks the insulin producing cells of the pancreas
Slide36Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disease of the nervous system that results from the destruction of the myelin sheath