Hard Drives & RAID 1.5 Install and configure storage devices and use appropriate - PowerPoint Presentation

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Hard Drives & RAID

1.5 Install and configure storage devices and use appropriate

media

PM Video 10:28

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Selecting a Hard Drive

Some considerations when selecting a hard drive:

Drive capacity

Today’s hard drives range from 60 GB – 10 TB

Spindle speed (measured in RPM)

Common spindle speeds are: 3600, 5400, 7200, 10,000, and 15,000 RPM

The higher the RPMs, the faster the drive

Interface standard

Make sure to use standards the motherboard supports

Cache or buffer size

Ranges from 2 MB to 64 MB

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Before Installing a SATA Hard Drive

Choose only 1 to use

Never install 2 power cords at the same time because you risk damaging the drive

Be aware that some SATA drives have 2 power connectors

Purchase an adapter to make the drive fit the motherboard connection

Can also purchase a SATA and/or PATA controller card

If you have a SATA drive but have a PATA connector (or vice versa)

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Steps to Install a SATA Drive

Turn off the computer

Decide which bay will hold the drive

Slide the drive into the bay and secure it

Use correct motherboard SATA connector

Connect a 15-pin SATA

OR

5-pin Molex power connector to the drive

Check all connections and power up the system

Verify drive recognized correctly via BIOS setup

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Before Installing a PATA Drive

Open the case and decide how to configure drive(s)

Set the jumpers on the drive(s)

If you only have 1 hard drive, set the drive’s jumpers to master

If you have 2 drives, set 1 to master and 1 to slave

To determine correct master/slave configuration look at the front of the drive

Most drives have a diagram on the sealed housing that explains how to set the jumpers properly

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A PATA drive most likely will have diagrams of jumper settings for master and slave options printed on the drive housing

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Use Cable Select to Install a PATA Drive

Some PATA hard drives use a setting called

cable select

to be used instead of master and slave jumpers

The position on the cable determines which drive will be master or slave

For example, master is on the end of the cable and slave is connected in the middle

To use cable select you must set both drives as cable select and use a special “cable-select” cable

A cable with one pinhole through the wire is a “cable-select” cable

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A special “cable-select” cable can be used instead of master and slave configurations on a PATA hard drive

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Steps to Install a PATA Drive

Decide whether to connect the data cable before or after inserting the hard drive inside the computer case

Connect the data cable to IDE connector on motherboard

Install a

molex

power connection to each drive

Before replacing computer case cover, verify installation

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S.M.A.R.T.

YT Video 7:21

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To do a quick S.M.A.R.T. check without installing any third-party software, you can use a few commands included with Windows

Open a command prompt window and type: “

wmic

” (press enter) then type “

diskdrive

get

model, name, size, status”

If everything is working properly, you should see the status OK displayed

Other statuses can indicate problems or errors retrieving S.M.A.R.T. information

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What is the Most

V

aluable

P

art of a PC?

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Protecting Data

One of the most expensive parts of a PC is data

Losing data can put a company out of business

You need to have a method to prevent data loss

Option 1:

You can do backups and when a hard drive dies, reinstall the OS and restore data from a backup

Option 2:

Use 2 or more drives to store your data in what is known as a RAID array

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RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks)

Why use RAID?

Also: Redundant Array of Independent Disks

A technology that configures 2 or more hard drives to work together as an array of drives

All of the drives in an array connect to a controller

To improve fault tolerance by writing 2 copies of data, each to a different hard drive

To improve performance by writing data to 2 or more hard drives so that 1 drive is not excessively used

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Protecting Data with RAID

YT Video 3:11 PM Video 5:54

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RAID

controller

provides 4

SATA internal connectors

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Types of RAID

There are many types of RAID, but the A+ exam focuses on RAID:

NOT RAID

: Spanning – sometimes called JBOD (just a bunch of disks)

Uses 2 hard drives to behave like 1 drive

When 1 drive is full, data simply overflows into the next

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0

1

5

1 + 0

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RAID 0 – Disk Striping

RAID 0 – uses 2 or more physical disks

Writes to physical disks evenly so that no 1 disk receives all activity

Windows calls RAID 0 a

striped volume

It does not provide data redundancy; if any 1 drive fails, all data is lost

I remember this as 0 level of redundancy

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RAID 0 (STRIPING)

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RAID 1 – Mirroring

(or Duplexing)

RAID 1: Mirroring or Duplexing – uses 2 or more physical disks with 1 or 2 controllers

Duplicates data on 1 drive to another drive and is used for fault tolerance (

mirroring

)

Storage space is lost because data is duplicated

Example: You need 2, 100 GB drives to store 100 GB of data

RAID 1 can be set up to use an additional raid controller (duplexing)

With 2 drives on separate controllers, the system will continue to operate even if 1 of the controllers stops working21

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RAID 1 - Mirroring Drives

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RAID 1 - Duplexing Drives

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RAID 5 – Parity Checking

RAID 5: uses 3 or more physical disks

Data is striped across drives and uses parity checking

Parity data is stored on a different disk for each write operation

Data is not duplicated but when 1 drive fails, the array can calculate the missing data on the fly

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4 + X = 9

(1 DISK FAILURE)

Y

+ X = 9

(2 DISKS FAIL)

Sound confusing?

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RAID 1+0

RAID 10: RAID 1+0 (pronounced RAID one zero)

Combination: RAID 1 (mirroring) RAID 0 (striping)

Takes at least 4 disks and is the most expensive RAID to implement

A RAID 10 will always have an even number of disks

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Hardware RAID vs Software RAID

RAID can be implemented through hardware or software but hardware outperforms

software

A RAID hardware implementation involves:

A Hardware RAID controller or RAID controller card

Motherboard does the work and Windows is unaware of the hardware RAID implementation

Software implementation uses the operating system

For the best RAID performance all hard drives in an array should be identical in brand, size, speed, and other features

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Troubleshooting Hard DrivesPM Video 7:25