Colour In Learning: It’s Effect on the Retention Rate of Graduate Students - PowerPoint Presentation

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Colour In Learning: It’s Effect on the Retention Rate of Graduate Students

Presented by Kimberly Fleming

Olurinola

, O., and

Tayo

, O. (2015)

Colour

in Learning: It’s Effect on the Retention Rate of Graduate Students.

Journal of Education and Practice

, 6(14), pp. 1-5 

color in education

Color:Important for memory (NIA, 2008)(Pett,1996)Used to motivate students and enhance learning (Wichmann, 2002)

May affect students positively or negatively

Introduction

Methodology Results Discussion & Conclusions References

Figure 1a & b.

Examples of how color can be used in a classroom

http://wallinked.com/best-classroom-wall-color-ideas-gallery/12-tips-for-choosing-paint-colors-bright-walls-school-classroom-classroom-wall-color-ideas

/

color in education

Color:Important for memory (NIA, 2008)(Pett,1996)

Used to motivate students and enhance learning (Wichmann, 2002)

May affect students positively or negatively

Color Relationships:

Congruent vs. IncongruentMonochromatic vs. AchromaticFigure 2. Comparisons between congruent & incongruent colored word lists (Mrs. Fleming, 2018)

Figure 3.

Monochromatic refers to different shades of one color. Achromatic refers to black, white & gray. https://kathrynlaurenlangmaid.wordpress.com/tag/colour-wheel

/

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Review of Literature

Colors increase attention, therefore memory

Pan

2012

Problems & Contradictions:

White background better for recall than colored background

McConnohie

1999

White background easier to read

Hall & Hanna

2004

Lack of studies on post-graduate students

Gap in the Literature:

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Research questions & hypothesis

Null Hypothesis (H

0

):

There is not a significant difference in the retention rate of subjects exposed to congruent & incongruent colors and those in the control

groupResearch Questions:

Is

there a difference in the retention rate of subjects exposed to congruent & incongruent colors and those in the control group (achromatic color

)?

Does

the use of color affect retention rate of graduate students

?

Which colors are most effective in increasing retention rate of graduate learners?

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Methodology

30 Volunteer Post-grad students

10 Achromatic (Control)

10 Congruent

10 Incongruent

Grass

Grass

Grass

20 words

10 min

Math Test

Distraction

30 minutes

Written Recall

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

AnalysisANOVA testDependent variable:

# of recalled wordsComparisons between: AchromaticCongruent

Incongruent

Significance threshold p=0.05

Descriptive statistics

MeanStandard deviationStandard errorIntroduction Methodology Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

If p<0.05

If p>0.05

Reject the null hypothesis.

There is a significant difference between groups

Accept the null hypothesis. There

is NOT a significant difference between groups.

Table 1.

An explanation of how significance was determined

Results

Figure 4.

Average number of words recalled (out of 20), according to groups. Error bars represent standard error. (Fleming, 2018)

Congruent highest

rate of recall

Incongruent lowest rate of recallIntroduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Results

Congruent color group mean scores >other groups(Table 2)

Incongruent color group mean scores were lowest (Table 2)

Significant difference between the means of the groups (Table 3)

Introduction

Methodology

Results Discussion & Conclusions

References

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of the retention scores of the graduate students

Table 3.

One-Way Analysis of Variance of the difference in the retention scores of the graduate students.

Significant at p<0.05

Discussion & ConclusionsThe Null Hypothesis (H0) was rejected, therefore:

There is a significant difference in the retention rate of subjects exposed to congruent & incongruent colors

and

those in the control

group(p<0.05)

Congruent colors > incongruent colorsIncongruent colors < control group (achromatic)Only color used appropriately will have a positive effect on memoryResults confirmed past studies (Onasanya, 2002)(

Boyatzis, 1994)

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Discussion & Conclusions

Research Questions:

Is

there a difference in the retention rate of subjects exposed to congruent & incongruent colors and those in the control group (achromatic color

)?

Does

the use of color affect retention rate of graduate students

?

Which colors are most effective in increasing retention rate of graduate learners?

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Yes. It can increase (congruent) or decrease (incongruent) retention scores

Congruent

Yes, significantly different

Recommendations & Future StudiesRecommendations:

Educators should be trained to use color appropriately with their instructional materialInstructional materials should include color to highlight appropriate pointsFuture Studies:

Effect of color on long-term memory

Effect of color on different age groups

Introduction

Methodology Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Figure 5.

An example of how colors can be used to separate and highlight material in a chemistry class

https://

www.texasgateway.org/resource/matter-and-energy-metals-nonmetals-and-metalloids

ReferencesBoyatzis, C

J; & Varghese, R. (1999) Children's Emotional Associations with Colors. Journal of Genetic Psychology; 155 (1), 77-85. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1994.9914760

Fleming, K. (2018) Created in Microsoft Excel on Wednesday October 3, 2018.

Fraley

, F.H. & Grant, A.P. (1976). Arousal and cognition: Memory for color versus black and white

multimedia presentation. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied. 94(1), 147–150 available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articlesHall R. H, & Hanna P. (2004). The impact of web text-background color combination on readability, retention, aesthetics and behavioural intention. Behavioral Information. 23(3), 183–195 McConnohie, B. V. (1999).

A study of the effect of color in memory retention when used in presentation software. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Johnson Bible College.

National Institute on Ageing. (2008). Making Your Printed Health Materials Senior Friendly. Available

from http

://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/making-your-printed-health-materials-senior-friendly

Onasanya

S.A (2002). The effect of

colour on students’ cognitive performance in instruction using photographic prints. Ilorin Journal of Education

, 21, 156- 166Pan Y. (2012) Attentional capture by working memory contents. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 64(2), 124–128. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20565178Pett D. & Wilson T. (1996).

Colour

research and its application to the design of instructional materials

.

Educational

Technology Research and Design

. 44 (3), 19-35

Smilek

D, Dixon M, Cudahy C, &

Merikle

P. (2002). Research Report: Synesthetic color experiences

influence memory. Psychological Science

. 13(6), 548–552. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12430840Wichmann F, Sharpe L, & Gegenfurtner K. (2002). The contributions of color to recognition memory for natural scenes. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 28(3), 509–520. Retrieved from http

://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20565178Introduction Methodology Results

Discussion & Conclusions

References

Colour In Learning: It’s Effect on the Retention Rate of Graduate Students

Presented by Kimberly Fleming

Olurinola

, O., and

Tayo

, O. (2015) Colour in Learning: It’s Effect on the Retention Rate of Graduate Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(14), pp. 1-5