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A Massive Review of Fallacies, Parallelism and other Language Terms A Massive Review of Fallacies, Parallelism and other Language Terms

A Massive Review of Fallacies, Parallelism and other Language Terms - PowerPoint Presentation

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A Massive Review of Fallacies, Parallelism and other Language Terms - PPT Presentation

Team Time The following is what part of speech Mitch wore a plaid shirt He looked spiffy Antecedent the noun or noun phrase a pronoun refers to To which fallacy does this example apply ID: 758189

form rhetorical sentence parallelism rhetorical form parallelism sentence words exemplified device fits terms word fallacy apply time write phrase

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Slide1

A Massive Review of Fallacies, Parallelism and other Language Terms

Team Time! Slide2

The following is what part of speech?

Mitch

wore a plaid shirt.

He

looked spiffy. Slide3

Antecedent- the noun or noun phrase a pronoun refers to.Slide4

To which fallacy does this example apply?

85% of consumers purchase IBM computers rather than Macintosh; all those people can’t be wrong. IBM must make the best computers. Slide5

Hypothesis contrary to fact- the claim about IBM making the best computers is not supported well. The number of people purchasing computers does not equate with quality.

Slide6

The following is what type of sentence?

“In

America everybody is of the opinion that he has no social superiors, since all men are equal, but he does not admit that he has no social inferiors, for, from the time of Jefferson onward, the doctrine that all men are equal applies only upwards, not downwards."Slide7

Compound/Complex Sentence- contains two or more independent clauses or one or more subordinate clausesSlide8

To which fallacy does this example apply?

'President Reagan was a great communicator because he had the knack of talking effectively to the people.' Slide9

Circular reasoning- talking effectively does not mean one is a good communicator, there is no evidence given as to why Reagan is a good communicator. Slide10

To which fallacy does this example apply?

- Three congressional representatives have had affairs. Therefore, members of Congress are adulterers.Slide11

Hasty Generalization- not all congressional reps have affairs. Slide12

The following is what type of sentence?

“Hungry I am.”

-Slide13

Inverted Order Sentence- Predicate comes before the subject- created for rhyming effectSlide14

The following sentence is an example of what type of parallelism? "

It rained

on his lousy tombstone, and

it rained

on the grass on his stomach.

It rained

all over the place

.“-

Catcher in the RyeSlide15

Anaphora- repetition of the same word or groups of words at the beginning of successive clauses.Slide16

To which fallacy does this example apply?

The level of mercury in seafood may be unsafe, but what will fishers do to support their families?Slide17

Red Herring- changing the subject or avoiding the argument by presenting a question or statement unrelated to the argument. Slide18

To which fallacy does this example apply?

Green Peace's strategies aren't effective because they are all dirty, lazy hippies.Slide19

Ad hominem- attacking the man or institution rather than the issue. Slide20

To which fallacy does this example apply?

People who don't support the proposed state minimum wage increase hate the poor.Slide21

Straw Man- oversimplifying a viewpoint and then attacking the hollow argument created in the oversimplification. Slide22

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

We lived and laughed and loved and left.Slide23

Polysyndeton- deliberate use of many conjunctionsSlide24

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

“You

held your breath and the door for me."Slide25

Zeugma- The use of a verb that has two different meanings with objects that complement both meanings. Slide26

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.Slide27

Antithesis-The juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases grammatical structure, or ideas.Slide28

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

“I

can write better than anybody who can write faster, and I can write faster than anybody who can write better."Slide29

Antimetabole: A sentence strategy (a form of chiasmus) in which the arrangement of ideas in the second clause is a reversal of the first.

The

same words are used but in a reverse order.Slide30

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

As seen on a plumbers truck: “A Flush Beats a Full

House”Slide31

Zeugma- The use of a verb that has two different meanings with objects that complement both meanings. Slide32

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

Next time? There won’t be a next time. Slide33

Epanalepsis: Repeats the beginning word of a clause or sentence at the end. The beginning and end are two positions of strongest emphasis, so special attention is called by having the same word in both places.Slide34

Which form of parallelism fits best with the example below?

Come

then: let us to the task, to the battle, to the toil--each to our part, each to our station. Fill the armies, rule the air, pour out the munitions, strangle the U-boats, sweep the mines, plow the land, build the ships, guard the streets, succor the wounded, uplift the downcast, and honor the brave

.Slide35

Isocolon: Parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length. Slide36

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

In the farmhouse I saw, with my own eyes, this sight: there was a man, of young age and graceful proportion, whose body had been torn limb from limb. The torso was here, an arm there, a leg there. . .

.All

this I saw with my own eyes, and it was the most fearsome sight I ever witnessed." Slide37

Pleonasm- the use of an excessive amount of words to say somethingSlide38

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

Kurt Cobain died from a fatal heroin overdose. Slide39

Tautology is where two near-synonyms are placed consecutively or very close together for effectSlide40

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired

signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money

alone. It

is spending

the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children

."Slide41

Tricolon is the rhetorical term for a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses. An

ascending

tricolon

is comprised of parts increasing in strength, magnitude, or word length with each pause, whereas a

descending

tricolon

decreases in magnitude or size with each part.Slide42

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

I visited my shrink today. Slide43

Meiosis is a form of understatement that dismisses or belittles especially by using terms that make something seem less significant than it really ought to be, often used ironically.Slide44

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

“I

have been rather reluctant to have a volume of

sermons

printed. My misgivings have grown out of the fact that a

sermon

is not an

essay

to be read but a discourse to be heard. It should be a convincing appeal to a listening congregation."Slide45

Homily- a speech in the form of a sermonSlide46

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

The swiftest traveler is he that goes afoot

.Slide47

Paradox- a figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itselfSlide48

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

How is it possible to have a

civil

war

?Slide49

Oxymoron- when seemingly contradictory terms appear within a sentence or phraseSlide50

Which rhetorical device is exemplified in the following example?

see my body is borrowed

i

got it on loan

for the time in between my mom and some maggotsSlide51

Metonomy- a word or phrase is substituted for another word or phrase that is closely associatedSlide52

Define the following rhetorical terms.

syntaxSlide53

A major component of grammar, the study of the way words form sentences and phrasesSlide54

Define and provide an example of the following rhetorical terms.

dictionSlide55

Diction- the way in which a writer uses words in speech or writingSlide56

Define and provide an example of the following rhetorical terms.

aphorismSlide57

Aphorism- a brief statement of principleSlide58

Dramatic irony

Define and provide an example of the following rhetorical terms

.Slide59

Dramatic irony- An occasion in a play, film, or other work in which a

character’s words

or actions convey a

meaning unperceived

by the character but understood by

the audience.Slide60

Based on the example below, what is a participle?

The crying baby hurt my ears.Slide61

A participle is…

A verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in

ing

or ed. Verbal's are based on verbs and express and action or state of being but they function as adjectives.Slide62

Create a sentence with a subordinating conjunction.Slide63

Subordinating Conjunction

The subordinating conjunction provides a necessary transition between two ideas and it reduces the importance of one clause to another.