Overview of Beryllium Applications in ITER and Role of - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Overview of Beryllium Applications in ITER and Role of IBMC

Workshop

on Beryllium Applications and Health & Safety Aspects for ITERITER OrganizationJune 28, 2017

A. René Raffray and Russell Eaton

The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the ITER OrganizationSlide2

O

utline

ITER Blanket First Wall Panels and Beryllium

ITER Beryllium ManagementSlide3

ITER – Blanket First

W

all Panels and BerylliumSlide4

ITER Blanket

The Blanket

directly faces the plasma and covers an area of about 620 m2.

Up to 736 MW of power to be removed for the Blanket.

Inlet cooling water conditions: 4 MPa, 70 C (3140 kg/s)

Blanket designed to be replaced by Remote Handling tools

“Quality Class 1” component; this means it has to be manufactured according to the highest quality standard

The

Blanket

First Wall is armored with Beryllium

Louis Nicolas

Vauquelin

(Discovered beryllium in 1798)Slide5

ITER Blanket System

~850 – 1240 mm

Blanket Module~1240 – 2000 mm

Shield Block

First Wall panel

Main functions:

Exhaust

the majority of the plasma

power.

Contribute

in providing neutron shielding to superconducting

coils.

Provide limiting surfaces that define the plasma boundary during startup and shutdown.Provide passage for and accommodate interface requirements of the plasma diagnostics

50%

50%

40%

10%

50%

Blanket connections

Flexible cartridges

Electrical straps

Pads

100%

Blanket Manifolds

100%Slide6

Facing the plasma  High heat Fluxes

Summer sunny day

1 kW/m2Space shuttle(re-entry)500 kW/m2ITER Blanket5,000 kW/m

2Heat Flux on the ITER Blanket SystemSlide7

Plasma-facing material

(PFM) shall

address plasma compatibility, tritium retention, and heat removal capabilityBeryllium is considered as PFM for the ITER First Wall since

the beginning of the ITER Engineering Design Activity phase in 1994 for the following main reasons:

Oxygen

gettering

capability

Low atomic number

Absence of chemical sputtering

High thermal

conductivity

Current design:

- Thickness of tiles 8-10 mm, Various tile sizes (e.g. 12x12 mm, 25x25mm, 50x50mm)

Total amount of beryllium: Net weight

~12 tons

Beryllium

Armour

for First Wall

Normal heat flux panels

designed to

2 MW/m²

Enhanced heat flux panels

designed to 4.7 MW/m²

Blanket moduleSlide8

Beryllium grades differ with regard to the impurity levels, grain size, methods of production and thermo-mechanical treatments.

Materials shall have appropriate and sufficiently characterized properties for

all the foreseeable operating conditions during the scheduled lifetime (taking into account changes of material properties during manufacturing cycle and during operation).Material compositions shall follow As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) requirements on radiation protection (maximum uranium content is 0.0030 wt.% to limit the impurity content of alpha emitter radionuclides) .

Selection of Beryllium Grades for the ITER First Wall

Source

:

https://materion.com/Products/Beryllium.aspxSlide9

Beryllium Grades

and Qualification Program

A qualification program was established to characterize beryllium grades:

Composition requirements (BeO, U impurity, etc.).

Main physical and mechanical properties

Thermal performance (thermal shock, fatigue, VDE

)

The following beryllium materials have been qualified for ITER application:

S-65 Vacuum Hot Pressed (VHP) from

Materion

Brush (USA)

DSHG-200 from the Russian FederationTGP-56FW from the Russian FederationCN-G01 from ChinaThese grades have been selected based on excellent thermal fatigue and thermal shock behaviour, high ductility, low impurity content, and an available comprehensive data base (including neutron irradiation effects).More detail in article in Physica Scripta T145 (2011)Slide10

Blanket First Wall

First Wall Semi-Prototype completed in EU, RF and CN Domestic Agencies

Normal Heat Flux Panel, tested at:

2 MW/m

2

for 7500 cycles

2.5

MW/m

2

for

1500 cycles

Enhanced Heat Flux Panel, tested at:

4.7 MW/m2 for 7500 cycles5.9 MW/m2 for 1500 cyclesEnhanced Heat Flux Panel

prior to testingSlide11

About 12,000 kg

Other ITER Components Using Beryllium

Blanket FW

100 – 200 kg of beryllium pebbles used as n-multiplier

TBM

ICRH

Faraday

Shields

-

40 kg of beryllium

RF Windows

Diagnostic

SystemsSlide12

ITER – Be ManagementSlide13

B

eryllium

is classified as a carcinogenic in France. Therefore, measures, systems and actions shall be implemented to control exposures of workers and prevent any exposure to operators and the public. Safety is a permanent priority in the ITER Program.In accordance with Article 14 of the ITER Agreement, the ITER Organization shall observe French Legislation and regulations as regards (amongst others) health and safety at work.The initial step in managing beryllium was

the formation of the ITER Beryllium Management Committee (IBMC) in 2015.

The IBMC

comprises stakeholders from both IO-CT and

Domestic Agencies

Typically 2 main meetings are planned/held each year while other dedicated meetings are called on an as needed basis to address specific issues.

Objectives of the IBMC

Overall supervision of the applicable legislation and regulations

Identification of all activities involving beryllium

Identification of best practice safety standards

Prepare Incident responses procedures for onsite and offsite activities.Implementation and coordination of the activities Managing Beryllium Activities at ITERSlide14

Activities in progress:

Generation of the Document Breakdown Structure.

Production of procedures.Production of ITER Beryllium Management Plan (Beryllium Code of Practice).Production of guidance for IO staff visiting beryllium facilities.Identification of beryllium components and production of lifecycle documentation.

Implementation of beryllium worker and follow up process.Development and implementation of beryllium training program.Technical activities:

Understanding of typical surface contamination levels

Cleaning techniques for First Wall components

Storage/packaging conditions for beryllium components

Smearing and analysis of beryllium components

Beryllium awareness - Introduction to working with beryllium

Managing Beryllium Activities at ITERSlide15

IBMC Document Breakdown StructureSlide16

IBMC Activities – 2017 Focus

Main Activities pursued in the first half of 2017.

Setting up the ITER Beryllium Worker Capture Process and Training ProgramPreparation of this Workshop on Beryllium Applications and Health & SafetySlide17

ITER Beryllium Worker Training Program (1)

Training program prepared.

First training program delivered by a combination of UKAEA and IO colleagues at CCFE for 4 IO staff members.Approach taken to training considering the beryllium risk Phase 1 Beryllium activities - Offsite manufacturing follow up of beryllium component and material suppliers.Phase 2 Beryllium activities - Onsite non activated beryllium. First delivery of beryllium to site and non-active operations.Phase 3 Beryllium activities - Onsite activated beryllium. Beryllium will be treated as a radiological material. The training program will need to be revised prior to each of the phases 2 & 3 to take into account the development of local operating procedures.Slide18

ITER Beryllium Worker Training Program (2)

The training comprises:

Session 1 – A presentation on aspects of beryllium safety, including Health and Safety, external site visits to beryllium suppliers and general good beryllium practices taken from other external operational facilities. Session 2 – Respiratory mask fit test. Session 3 - Personal Air Sampler (PAS) training.Session 4 - A short multiple question assessment to confirm the transfer of knowledge from trainer to trainee, and a means by which to assess the suitability of the training program.Session 5 – Simulate entry/exit operation into/from a beryllium area to demonstrate the practices required to enter/exit and operate in these areas safely

.Session 6 – Incident Response: simulate rescue of a beryllium worker in a beryllium area. (will not be introduced until phase 2)

To obtain the status of ITER Beryllium Worker, the

IO staff must have passed the medical examination

and successfully completed the training

Four first Beryllium Workers certified at IO

More details in M.

Gilardi’s

presentationSlide19

C

ontract placed with UKAEA, includes:

Cleaning of Be mock upsTo find a standard efficient cleaning methodStorage activitiesTo confirm the optimal storage conditions and validate no evolution of surface contamination for FW storageSupport to IBMC (code of practice/training)Priority to prepare the Be training program for IO Provision of PAS for IO/DA/Suppliers use

10 units purchased, IO staff will use when making visits to beryllium facilitiesCan be available to support DAs activitiesSmearing/analysis activities

Can be available to support DAs

activities, provision of smears, analysis of smears by CCFE

Be audit/information exchange.

Support to develop and carry out beryllium training for IO staff

.

Beryllium Support

ContractSlide20

First opportunity was with SWIP (Oct 2016)

IO can support (via UKAEA specialists) beryllium-related meetings with other FW providers suppliers if requested.

More details in Wang Pinghuai’s presentation.

Beryllium

Information ExchangeSlide21

ITER will have several beryllium components, and in particular the

F

irst Wall panels with ~12 tons of Be.The IBMC was created to manage the safety aspects of beryllium.Substantial progress has been achieved in the last year and a half in terms of documentation, training, safety culture, enhanced visibility in the project.We would like to take this opportunity to discuss with experts in the beryllium area and we welcome your feedback.However, much

work still needs to be done and we need a beryllium specialist to help us tackle the many tasks ahead.

SummarySlide22

A

beryllium specialist is required to support the IO for ongoing

beryllium activities offsite and in readiness for delivery of beryllium components to site. Experience in occupational hygiene and in beryllium management needed:to directly support the ITER Beryllium Management Committee (IBMC) activities in developing a beryllium safety program and ensuring its ongoing effectiveness to deliver the safe working environment demanded by all stakeholders; and

to

support the follow up of PAs on beryllium components (and in particular on the Blanket First Wall).

More details at

:

http://

www.iter.org/jobs/IPA

(Ref. IPA/2017/023/TED)

The IPA position is for one year and renewable up to four years.

Please let us know if you know a good candidate who fits the bill.The indicated application deadline is July 14, 2017 but the posting can be extended if a good candidate does not apply by then.You can contact me if you are interested in obtaining more information on this.

ITER Project Associate (IPA) for Beryllium ActivitiesSlide23

Rain or shine or lightning storm, ITER

is

moving forward!