July 09 2012 Current Medical Reality Disease Morbidity episodesyear Mortality deathsyear Diarrhoeal diseases 1000000000 3300000 Intestinal worms 1500000000 100000 Shistosomiasis ID: 916615
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Slide1
WATER & DISEASES
Murray Biedler
July
09, 2012
Slide2Current Medical Reality
Disease
Morbidity (episodes/year)
Mortality (deaths/year)
Diarrhoeal diseases
1,000,000,000
3,300,000
Intestinal worms
1,500,000,000
100,000
Shistosomiasis
200,000,000
200,000
Malaria
400,000,000
1,500,000
Total burden/year
3,100,000,000
5,000,000
Slide3F-DIAGRAM: TRANSMISSION ROUTES
Slide4WATER-RELATED DISEASES
ENVIRONMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS
Faecal-Oral Water-WashedWater-BasedWater-Related Vectors
Slide5Faecal-Oral Diseases
Pathogens
transmitted by human excreta and then
ingested
Infections of intestinal tract (
diarrhoea
) -
illness
&
deathPersonal & domestic hygiene important
Slide6PRIMARY
WATER & FOOD BORNE
TRANSMISSION
SECONDARY FAECAL-ORAL
TRANSMISSION
Environmental vibrion reservoir
Transmision routes
Cholera
Slide7Faecal
-Oral
Diseases
Slide8Water-
Washed
DiseasesQuantity of water more important than quality of waterLinked to personal and domestic hygiene
Slide9Water-Washed Diseases
Skin and Eye Infections
Skin sepsisScabiesFungal Skin InfectionsTrachoma/Blindness
Others
Louse-borne Typhus
Slide10Water-
Based
Diseases
Vector
based
in water
Ingested
Dracunculiasis or
Guinea
Worm
Skin
Penetrating
Schistosomiasis
or
Bilharziasis
Slide11Insect Vector Diseases
Spread by insects that :
breed in water bite near water.
Slide12Insect Vector Diseases
Breed in Water
malaria (anopheles)dengue (aedes)yellow fever (aedes)onchocerciasis or river blindness (simulium black fly)
Bite Near Water
trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness (glosina tsetse fly)
Slide13TRANSMISSION MECHANISMS
PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
Water Borne
(
Cholera
)
Improve quality of drinking water
Prevent casual use of unimproved sources
Water Washed
(Cholera, Scabies)
Increase water quantity used
Improve accessibility and reliability of domestic water supply
Improve hygiene practices
Water Based
(Guinea Worm)
Decrease need for contact with infected water
Control snail population (water treatment)
Reduce contamination of surface waters by excreta
Water Related
(Malaria)
Improve surface water management
Destroy breeding sites of insects
Decrease need to visit breeding sites
Use (impregnated) mosquito netting
Do Indoor Residual Spraying
Slide14Reduce
Reservoir
Interrupt
Transmission
Prevent
Disease
in population
Treat Disease
in person
Reservoir
transmission
Host
Control
of
Diseases
Related
to WHS