1 PPT01403 Bureau of Workers Compensation PA Training for Health amp Safety PATHS OSHA 29 CFR 1910106 Topics Important Definitions Class of Flammable amp Combustible Liquids ID: 904793
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Flammable & Combustible Liquids
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Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS)
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106
Slide2Topics
Important DefinitionsClass of Flammable & Combustible LiquidsComponents of a Good Plan for Safe UseSources of IgnitionStatic Electricity, Grounding, and BondingSafe Storage, Use, and Handling
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Slide3Introduction
The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire.Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards.
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Slide4Flash Point & Flammable Liquids
Flash point – the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture. In general, the lower the flash point, the greater the hazard.Flammable liquids have flash points below 100oF, and are more dangerous than combustible liquids, since they may be ignited at room temperature
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Slide5Combustible Liquids
Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100oF.Although combustible liquids have higher flash points than flammable liquids, they can pose serious fire and/or explosion hazards when heated.
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Slide6Definitions
Volatility = tendency or ability of a liquid to vaporize. Vapor pressure = measure of a liquid’s volatility. A high vapor pressure usually is an indication of a volatile liquid, or one that readily vaporizes. Boiling point = temperature at which the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure, such that the pressure of the atmosphere can no longer hold the liquid in a liquid state and bubbles begin to form. Generally, low boiling point indicates high vapor pressure (possibly, increased fire hazard). Flashpoint = the least temperature at which vapors are ignited by an ignition source and go out; no sustained combustion.
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Slide7Definitions
Flammable range = proportion of vapor to air mixture that is ignitable (expressed in terms of percentage of vapor in air by volume). Ignition Temperature = A temperature unique to various materials where they will combust due to an open flame source.Auto ignition temperature = minimum temperature at which a vapor-air mixture will spontaneously ignite, without the necessity of a spark or flame. Vapor density = measure of a vapor’s weight when compared to air (air assigned value of 1). Denser vapors tend to sink to floor level, less dense vapors tend to rise to ceiling level.
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Slide8Classes
Of Flammable & Combustible Liquids:
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IIIA
II
IC
IA
IB
200
140
100
73
Flash Point (
o
F
)
100
Boiling Point (
o
F)
Combustible
(FP > 100
o
F)
Flammable
(FP < 100
o
F)
Slide9Classes of Flammable Liquids
Class IA = flash point below 73 °F; boiling point below 100 °F. Class IB = flash point below 73 °F; boiling point greater than or equal to 100 °F.Class IC = flash point greater than or equal to 73 °F and below 100 °F.
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Slide10Classes of Combustible Liquids
Class II = flash point greater than or equal to 100 °F and below 140 °F.Class IIIA = flash point greater than or equal to 140 °F and below 200 °F.Class IIIB = flash point greater than or equal to 200 °F.
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Slide11Classes of Some Flammable Liquids
Common Name Flash PointCLASS IA Ethyl Ether -49CLASS IB Gasoline -45 Methyl Ethyl Ketone 21 Toluene 40CLASS IC Xylene
81-115 Turpentine 95
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Slide12Good Plan Components
A good plan for safe use of flammable and combustible liquids contains at least these components:Control of ignition sourcesProper storageFire controlSafe handling
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Slide13Sources of Ignition
Take adequate precautions to prevent ignition of flammable vapors. Some sources of ignition include:Open flamesSmokingStatic electricityCutting and weldingHot surfacesElectrical and mechanical sparksLightning
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Slide14Static Electricity
Generated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank.Main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite flammable vapors.Bonding or grounding of flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark.
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Slide15Bonding
Physically connect two conductive objects together with a bond wire to eliminate a difference in static charge potential between them.Must provide a bond wire between containers during flammable liquid filling operations, unless a metallic path between them is otherwise present.
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Slide16Grounding
Eliminates a difference in static charge potential between conductive objects and ground.Bonding eliminates a difference in potential between objects. Does not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects & earth. Unless one of the objects is connected to earth with a ground wire.
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Slide17Ventilation
Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors.
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Slide18Storage Fundamentals
Identify incompatible chemicals – check the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).Isolate and separate incompatible materials:Isolate by storing in another area or room.Degree of isolation depends on quantities, chemical properties and packaging.Separate by storing in same area or room, but apart from each other.
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Slide19Storage
Storage must not limit the use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people.In office occupancies:Storage prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of equipment.Storage must be in:closed metal containers inside a storage cabinet, orsafety cans, or
an inside storage room
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Inside storage room
Slide20Safety Cans
For Storage and Transfer:Approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity.Spring-closing lid and spout cover.Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire.
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Slide21Flame Arrester Screen
Prevents fire flashback into can contents.Double wire-mesh construction.Large surface area:Provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire. Vapor temp inside can remains below ignition point.
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Slide22Storage Cabinets
Not more than 60 gal of Class I and/or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gal of Class III liquids permitted in a cabinet.Must be conspicuously labeled, “Flammable - Keep Fire Away.”Doors on metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet.
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Slide23Fire Control
Suitable fire control devices (e.g. small hose or portable fire extinguishers) must be available where flammable or combustible liquids are stored.Open flames and smoking are not permitted in these areas.Materials that react with water must not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids.
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Slide24Which Can I Use?
For Flammable/Combustible Liquids Fires?
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PPT-014-03Water - No
Dry Chemical (BC) - Yes
Multi-Purpose (ABC) - Yes
CO2 - Yes
Slide25Transferring Flammable Liquids
Sizeable risk whenever flammable liquids are handled, OSHA allows only four methods for transferring:Through a closed piping system.From safety cans.By gravity through an approved self-closing safety faucet.By means of a safety pump.
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Slide26Self-Closing Safety Faucet
Bonding wire between drum and container.Grounding wire between drum and ground.Safety vent in drum
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Slide27Safety Pump
Faster and safer than using a faucet.Spills less likely.No separate safety vents in drum required.Installed directly in drum bung opening.Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires.
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Slide28Waste and Residue
Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles, and disposed of daily.
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Waste drum with disposal funnel
Safety
disposal can
Oily-waste can (self-closing lid)
Slide29Safe Handling Fundamentals
For Flammable Liquids:Carefully read the manufacturer’s label on the container before using or storing it.Practice good housekeeping in flammable liquid storage areas.Clean up spills immediately, then place the rags used in a covered metal container.Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturer’s container to store flammable liquids
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Slide30Safe Handling Fundamentals
For Flammable Liquids:Keep the containers closed when not in use and store away from exits or passageways.Use flammable liquids only where there is plenty of ventilation.Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources such as open flames, sparks, smoking, cutting, welding, etc.
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Slide31Summary
The two primary hazards associated with flammable and combustible liquids are explosion and fire.Safe handling and storage of flammable liquids requires the use of approved equipment and practices per OSHA standards.An excellent reference on this topic is National Fire Protection Association Standard No. 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code.
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Slide32Contact Information
Health & Safety Training Specialists1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501(717) 772-1635RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov
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Slide33Questions
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