Reading for Tuesday 831 Chapter 2 section 5 and Chapter 3 section 1 Homework WS 2 due Tuesday 831 800 AM WS 3 due Thursday 92 800 AM Lab Today EXP 2 Nomenclature ID: 908450
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Slide1
Happy Birthday Albert Sabin (1906)
Reading for Tuesday 8/31: Chapter 2 section 5 and Chapter 3 section 1HomeworkWS 2: due Tuesday 8/31 (8:00 AM) WS 3: due Thursday 9/2 (8:00 AM)Lab Today: EXP 2 – NomenclatureTuesday: EXP 1EXP 1 prelab due by Monday 8/30 @ 11:59 PMNotes: CH 2 – Energy in Chemistry (start on slide 15)
Slide2Happy Birthday Albert Sabin (1906)
CH 1 extra credit from OpenStax – Due by 8:00 AM Tuesday 8/31/21As many of the following problems from chapter 1 as you want to do:CH 1 #'s 9, 10, 12, 17, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 47, 51, 54, 56, 65, 69, 72, 77, 81, 86, 87, 91Miscellaneous assignments due tonight by 11:59 PM“Practice taking an exam” quiz (from lab)“PDF exercise” (from lab)Completed syllabusCompleted waiver / assumption of risk formBeacon sessionwith Bridgette Gibson
Wednesdays 6:00 – 8:00 PMZoom ID: 9141 2623 062 (Passcode: CHEM400)
Slide3The Atom
REALLY early atomic theory…Democritus ~350 BCAtomos - Greek meaning indivisible Modern Definition: Smallest piece that matter can be broken up into and still maintain the properties of an element
Slide4My Atom Broke
Subatomic ParticlesNucleusProtons – p+Carry a single positive chargeNumber of p+ = ATOMIC NUMBER1.673x10–24 g
Slide5Slide6My Atom Broke
Subatomic ParticlesNucleusNeutrons – n°No charge# can vary from atom to atom1.675x10–24 g (roughly the same mass as p+)
Slide7My Atom Broke
Subatomic ParticlesOutside the nucleusElectrons – e–Carry a single negative charge~1830 e – = mass of p+ or no9.11x10 –28 gResponsible for most of the chemistry that ever happens because of their involvement in bonding
Slide8Types of Bonding : Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonding
involves the complete
TRANSFER
of electrons from one atom to another.
Usually observed when a
metal
bonds to a
nonmetal
.
Slide9Types of Bonding : Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonding
involves the complete
TRANSFER
of electrons from one atom to another.
Usually observed when a
metal
bonds to a
nonmetal
.
Metals have low ionization energy, making it
relatively
easy to remove electrons from them
Nonmetals have high electron affinities, making it advantageous to add electrons to these atoms
The oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other, resulting in an
ionic bond
Slide10Ionic compounds tend to be hard, rigid, and brittle, with high melting points.
Types of Bonding: Ionic Compounds
Slide11Ionic compounds tend to be hard, rigid, and brittle, with high melting points.
Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state.In the solid state, the ions are fixed in place in the lattice and do not move.Ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved.In the liquid state or in solution, the ions are free to move and carry a current.
Types of Bonding: Ionic Compounds
Slide126 p
+
–
–
1 p
+
–
1 p
+
–
1 p
+
–
1 p
+
–
–
–
–
–
carbon
hydrogen
Covalent bonding
involves the
SHARING
of electrons
Usually observed when a
nonmetal
bonds to a
nonmetal
.
Slide13Covalent bonding
involves the
SHARING
of electrons
Usually observed when a
nonmetal
bonds to a
nonmetal
.
Types of Bonding: Covalent Compounds
Slide14Covalent bonding
involves the
SHARING
of electrons
Usually observed when a
nonmetal
bonds to a
nonmetal
.
Nonmetal atoms have relatively high ionization energies, so it is difficult to remove electrons from them
When nonmetals bond together, it is better in terms of potential energy for the atoms to share valence electrons
Potential energy lowest when the electron is between the nuclei, holding the atoms together by attracting nuclei of both atoms
Types of Bonding: Covalent Compounds
Slide15Atoms vs. Ions
Atoms are NEUTRAL!!!!!This means that they have zero charge#p+ = #e–1 p+
1 e
–
–
0
47 p
+
47 e
–
–
0
When #p
+
= #e
-
, the atom has no charge and is
neutral
Slide16Atoms vs. Ions
Atoms can gain or lose e– to form IONSANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e– gives POSITIVELY charge
Slide1711 p
+11 e–Charge!!!When an atom LOSES electrons
11 p
+
–
+1
Na
Na
Na
+
Na
Na
+
+ e
–
Before
After
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
10 e
–
10 e
–
Slide18Atoms vs. Ions
Atoms can gain or lose e– to form IONSANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e– gives POSITIVELY chargeCalled cationsUsually formed from metalsGaining e– gives a NEGATIVELY charged ion
Slide1916 e
–18 e–18 e–
16 p+
16 p
+
S + 2e
–
S
2–
S
S
2–
+ 2e
–
S
S
S
2–BeforeAfterSS + 2e
–
WRONG!!
Charge!!!
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
+
–
–
–
–
–2
When an atom GAINS electrons
Slide20Atoms vs. Ions
Atoms can gain or lose e– to form IONSANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e– gives POSITIVELY chargeCalled cationsUsually formed from metalsGaining e– gives a NEGATIVELY charged ionCalled anions
Usually formed from non-metals
Slide21Subatomic Particles
NucleusNeutrons – n°No charge# can vary from atom to atom
My Atom Broke
Slide2216 p
+16 n°16 p+17 n°
16 p
+
18 n°
16 p
+
20 n°
Slide2316 p
+16 n°16 p+17 n°
16 p
+
18 n°
16 p
+
20 n°
Slide24Mass of n° about equal to mass of p
+Do each of these atoms have the same mass?
Isotopes: Atoms having the same atomic number, but different atomic masses
16 p
+
16 n°
16 p
+
17 n°
16 p
+
18 n°
16 p
+
20 n°