Blood is a specialized mature liquid connective tissue Total blood volume 6ltr pH of blood 74slightly alkaline Specific gravity 1055 Location circulatory system Blood plasma Straw colored fluid ID: 1039711
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1. Body fluid & Blood
2. BloodBlood is a specialized mature liquid connective tissue.Total blood volume- 6ltrpH of blood- 7.4(slightly alkaline)Specific gravity- 1.055Location- circulatory system
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4. Blood plasmaStraw colored fluidWater content-91.5%Solute content -8.5%Solutes contain proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, gases, waste products ( urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, bilirubin)Proteins found in plasma- plasma proteinPlasma proteins are synthesized by hepatocytesThey are albumin, globulin, fibrinogenAlbumin- smallest proteins, maintains osmotic pressure of bloodGlobulin- large proteins, produce immunoglobins ta attack against bacteria & virusFibrinogen- large proteins, helps in coagulation of bloodSerum= Blood plasma- fibrinogen
5. RBCRed blood cells or erythrocytesVolume in healthy male-5.4million/µlIn healthy female-4.8million/µlBiconcave discs of 7-8µmNo nucleus foundRed in color because of presence of hemoglobinEach rbc contains 280 million hemoglobinHemoglobin=heme(Fe2+)+globin proteinHemoglobin binds with 4 oxygenLife span-120days
6. Hemopoesis The process by which the cellular elements of blood develops- hemopoesisPrimary site of RBC synthesis- bone marrowThe process by which erythrocytes are formed- erythropoiesisBefore birth- yolk sac,liver,spleen, thymus, lymph nodeLast trimester- RBMAfter birth & through out the life- RBM
7. WBCKnown as leukocytesContains nuclei but not hemoglobinColorless cells containing nucleusLarger size than RBCVolume- 5000-10000 WBC/µl bloodLife span- few hours to few days
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9. Granulocytes WBCs have granules in the cytoplasmThey contain 2 or more lobesAgain divided into following 3 typesNeutrophilsEosinophilsBasophils
10. Neutrophils Smaller than othersPale lilac colorDo not attract either acidic or basic dyesNeutrophilic in nature2-5 lobes, connected by thin strands of nuclear materialOccupy 65-70% of total blood
11. Eosinophil Large, uniform sized granules which are eosinophilicEosinophilic- eosin loving- attract to acidic dyes-red or orange2 lobes connected by thin strands of nuclear material2-4% of blood
12. Basophils Round , variable sized granulesBasophilic nature- basic loving- blue purple dyes2 lobes, mostly kidney shaped0.5% of total blood
13. Agranulocytes Granules are not visible properlyPoor staining qualitySmaller in sizeAgain divided into 2 typesLymphocytesMonocytes
14. Lymphocytes Nucleus stains dark, round & slightly indentedCytoplasm stains sky blueMajor type of lymphocytes- T cell, B cell, NK cellFunction- deactivate the toxins, act against microbes, virus, bacteria etc.According to cell diameter 2 typesLarge(10-14µm)Small (6-9µm)
15. Monocytes Kidney shaped nucleusCytoplasm stains blue grey color & foamy appearanceMigrate from blood to tissue, enlarge, differentiate into macrophages. May be fixed or wondering.Clean up debris & microbes by phagocytosis after infection.
16. Development of WBC
17. Platelets 1,50,000-4,00,000/microl of bloodIrregular disc shaped2-4 micrometer diameterMany vescicles but no nucleusLife span 5-9 daysAged and dead platelets are removed by the fixed macrophages found in spleen & liverContains a no of chemicals that promotes blood coagulation.
18. Blood clottingA defense mechanism of body in which blood coagulates is known as blood coagulation or blood clotting.It is a series of chemical reaction.Several substances that involved in clotting is known as clotting factorThere are 13 no. of clotting factors present I human body.Avg clotting time is 5-15min.
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20. Mechanism of blood clotting
21. Blood groupingThe surfaces of erythrocytes contain a genetically determined classified antigens which is composed of glycoproteins & glycolipids.Antigens are called as agglutinogen.Basing upon the presence of antigens blood is differentiated into different groups.Major blood groups are: ABO & RhBlood plasma contains antibodies called as agglutinins that react with the antigens.
22. ABO Blood groupBased on 2 glycolipid antigens i. e. A & BAnti-A antibody reacts with antigen A and anti-B antibody reacts with antigen B.Antibodies do not react with the antigens of own RBCs.
23. ABO Blood group