23 of the worlds known petroleum reserves found in the Persian Gulf Oil provides raw materials and supplies more than half of the energy used worldwide Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC formed in 1960 ID: 808303
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Slide1
Oil & Water
Slide2Black Gold
2/3 of the world’s known petroleum reserves found in the Persian Gulf
Oil provides raw materials and supplies more than half of the energy used worldwide
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) formed in 1960
Slide3Slide4Oil in Saudi Arabia
Ghawar
Oil Field is the largest oil field in the world
Produces more than ½ of Saudi Arabia’s oil
$376.3 billion in exports
Slide5Slide6The Suez Canal
Man-made choke point connecting the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea which leads to the Indian Ocean
Egypt controls the movement through the Suez Canal and charges tolls
½ of the world’s oil is shipped through the Suez Canal
Slide7Slide8Slide9Water
Water in SWANA is DIFFICULT to obtain
Sahara Desert
Desertification
/Arid Climate
Lacking sources of fresh water
Overconsumption of water is due to resorts, spas, lifestyle, and inefficient irrigation
Slide10Damming the Nile River
What are some effects of damming the Nile River?
Slide11Egypt’s Aswan High Dam
Pros
Irrigation
Hydroelectric Energy
Flood Control and Safety
Creation of Lake Nasser
Cons
Decrease in agricultural productivity
Decrease of
alluvial soil
, rich soil made up of sand and mud deposited by running water
Population relocation
Movement of ancient Temple of Abu Simbel
Slide12Temple
of Abu Simbel
Slide13Water Rights
The Nile River
Dams in Sudan, S. Sudan, and Ethiopia reduces the flow of the Nile to Egypt
Conflict over water rights
Israel and Syria
30% of water comes from the Sea of Galilee, which is partly fed by streams that once belonged to Syria
Slide14Slide15Water Rights
State of Palestine vs. Israel
Palestine needs the Gaza Strip for access to the Mediterranean Sea for trade
Palestine needs the West Bank for access to the Jordan River
Slide16Slide17Desalination
Desalination
: the process of removing salt from seawater or from brackish water to make it usable for drinking and irrigation
Countries that desalinate the most:
Saudi Arabia ($376.3 billion in exports)
United Arab Emirates ($
368.9
billion in exports)
Kuwait (
$112
billion in exports)
Slide18Al
Shuaibah
Seawater Desalination
Plant
Saudi, Arabia
Slide19Slide20Desalination
As groundwater depletes, dependence on desalination increases
Cons:
EXPENSIVE: Requires enormous amounts of energy
Accounts for 25-30% of energy usage in Saudi Arabia
Requires water from aquifers
Accumulated brine
Brine is water saturated with salt
C
ontaminates aquifers or increases ocean salinity
May be difficult to implement
Unstable government in Yemen
Slide21Toubou/Tubu
Tribe
North African tribe of nomadic women
Write 5 Facts
What two major difficulties do they face?
Slide22Reflection Question
Choose one of the following to answer at the bottom of your notes in 1 paragraph or less.
In your opinion, explain which resource is considered the most important resource in SWANA – oil or water?
Argue for or against the desalination of water in SWANA.