Types of Drugs, Signs & Symptoms - PowerPoint Presentation

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Types of Drugs, Signs & SymptomsEffect of Drug & Alcohol

Dr. C.Lalremruati

District Consultant

National Tobacco Control Programme

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DRUG / PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE

Eng

thil pawh kan lakluh a, kan khawvel hmuh dan te, rilru sukthlek te, kan chezia leh nunphung te, leh kan awm dan ti danglam thei hi Ruihhlo( Drugs/ Psychoactive Substance)Chung thil chu dan phal emaw phal loh ani thei. Mahse tih chhunzawm zel chakna leh a lova awm theih lohna a thlen thin

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2

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Substance use disorder

USE Disorders

(

E.g. The ingestion of alcohol or other drugs without the experience of any negative consequences)AbuseDependenceINDUCE Disorders(Continuous use of a substance despite NOT being prescribed or recommendedMaladaptive pattern of use resulting in physical, mental, social, legal harmContinued use in spite of negative consequences)IntoxicationWithdrawal3

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Terminology

Dependence

Drug taken in larger amounts or over longer periodPersistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut downA great deal of time is spent in: obtaining the drug using the drug recovering from its effects Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced Continued use despite harmToleranceWithdrawalAddiction - older term, still used (physical & csychological)-4-

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Type of substances

Mental & behavioral disorders due to…

(F10) use of

alcohol(F11) use of opioids(F12) use of cannabinoids(F13) use of sedatives or hypnotics(F14) use of cocaine(F15) use of other stimulants,including caffeine(F16) use of hallucinogens(F17) use of tobacco(F18) use of volatile solvents(F19) multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances5

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DSM IV TRSubstance-related disorders

4.1

Alcoho

l-related disorders4.2 Amphetamine (prescribed drug,ADHD, narcolepsy) related disorders4.3 Caffeine-related disorders4.4 Cannabis-related disorders4.5 Cocaine-related disorders4.6 Hallucinogen-related disorders4.7 Inhalant-related disorders4.8 Nicotine-related disorders4.9 Opioid-related disorders4.10 Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust) related disorders4.11 Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders4.12 Polysubstance-related disorder4.13 Other (or unknown) substance-related disorder6

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RUIHHLO HNATHAWH DAN

Physical and Physiological (

Taksa

bung hrang hrang a khawih buai dan)Pyschological (Rilru leh ngaihtuahna lam a khawih buai dan)Social (an khawsakna leh khawsak dan a nghawng)Economic (eizawnna emaw chhungkaw sum pai a khawih pawi dan)

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8

Classification of Psychoactive Drugs

b. Stimulant

Cocaine ATS (meth,estacy)TobaccoCannabis a. DepressantAlcoholOpioids (codane, morphine, heroin)Sedative – hypnotics (diazepam,alprazolam)Volatile solventsCannabis c. HallucinogenLSDCannabis

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Drugs hnathawh

dan

Depressant

– an taksa khawl, a bikin thluak hnathawh a ti muang, a ti zawi. Chuti chung chuan a tir lamah phurna a awm fo bawkStimulant – anmahni a ti phur a, an hah har a, muthilh a ti harsa a, chaw ei peih lohna a thlenHallucinogen – An thil hmuh emaw hriatna (sense) a khawih danglam

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Withdrawal symptoms

Usually opposite of acute effects

Depressants: withdrawal-excitation

Stimulants: withdrawal-lethargy/’crash’10

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Alcoholic beverages11

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12

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Alcohol: Psychological

effects

Alcohol is a brain depressant.

In small amounts it relieves anxietyit may also give a sense of strength and result in boisterous behaviourIt heightens the mood prior to intake, be it sadness or happinessImpairs judgement and performance -13-Effects of alcohol

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Alcohol withdrawal: mildAnxiety

Restlessness

Insomnia

Tremors CravingPalpitation Sweating Breathlessness 14

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Alcohol withdrawal: severe

Severe Alcohol Withdrawal: “Delirium Tremens”

All features of mild withdrawal

Disorientation (unawareness of self and surroundings – time, place and person)Hallucinations Seizures (fits – ‘rum fits’)Can be fatal15

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Opoids

16

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Heroin (Smack)17

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Opioids: Psychological

effects

The effects differ widely between new and dependent users

-18-New users Who is not in pain  an unpleasant reaction / vomitingWho has pain or anxiety  some reliefDependent users Short lived in-tense experience – “rush”A state of profound euphoria A dreamlike state lasting longer

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Opioid withdrawal

Very distressing, but never fatal !

Opening of all holes !

Watering from eyes, noseVomitingLoose motionsBodyache / painAnxiety, restlessness, insomnia19

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Cannabis (Bhang,

Charas

, Ganja, Hashish)

20

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Cannabis products

Bhang (leaves)

Ganja (dried flowering stem of the plant)

Charas / Hashish (extracted from the resin covering the plant)Hashish Oil (extracting THC using chemical methods)-21-OralSmokedSmokedSmoked

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Cannabis: Psychological effects

A dreamy state with an increased tendency to fantasize

State of euphoria, well being and enjoyment

Generally followed by a period of drowsinessPerceptual and sensory distortionsCan prolong reaction time and impair coordination Sounds and colours may become more intense Restlessness, fear and even panic may spoil the experience (“bad trip”)There may be driven activity (subject knows that one’s activities are meaningless, yet is unable to control them)-22-

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Cannabis withdrawal

Non specific

General discomfort

Intense cravingAnxiety, restlessness23

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Sedative – hypnotics

Valium,

Avil

, Cough Syrups24

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Sedative – hypnotics & other pharmaceuticals

Medications for:

Sleep (Diazepam)

Allergy (Promethazine, pheniramine)Pain (Pentazocine, Propoxyphene)Cough (Codiene)Diarrhea (Diphenoxalate)Anesthesia (Ketamine)-25-General brain depressantsOpioid like actions Hallucinogen

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Cocaine and other stimulants

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Coca leaf and cocaine powder

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Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS)

-

27

-

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Stimulants: Psychological effects

Immediately after smoking the drug or injecting it- extremely pleasurable ‘rush’ or ‘flash’.

Enhanced mood and body movement, euphoria

Increased respirationIncreased heart rate, blood pressureInsomniaReduced appetite-28-

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LSD

(Lysergic acid diethylamide)

29

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Tobacco30

Tobacco use reduce life span (7-10yrs)

Tobacco kills around 6 million people each year

Direct tobacco use results to 5 million deaths (WHO)

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Volatile solvents (Inhalants)31

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Stimulant withdrawal

Lethargy

Hypersomnia

/ sleepinessFatigue / sad moodCravingAnhedonia (inability to feel pleasure)32

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RUIHHLO TITE LAN CHHUAH DANTuizawng

leh

rilru puthmang inthlakthlen hi chu tleirawlte zia ve reng a nih lain, heng a hnuaia tarlante erawh hi chu chik zualin ngaihven ila:thian kawm duhzawng sikul/class kal loh, examnaa tih chhiat zuala thil neih leh thiltih sawithat vak duh lohnasum hman dan sawi tha duh lothil rimna chi leh rimtui hman nasat – thil dang rim thahna atan Thinchhiat uchuak, rilru puthmang danglam thut thutMutdan leh ei /in lama danglamna te Thil pakhatah rilru an pe reng thei loChaw ei mumal lo, vun dang, luak leh ringawt thin, Haihawt em emSawi ngai tul lova sawi nawn sawi nawnIntifai an thatchhe tial tialHnar/hmai bawr hiah neuh neuhRihna tlahniam leh a dangte. Bathroom/room ah a inkhung rei zual em

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Ruihhlo hmansual

tir

theitu leh hmansual tiawlsam theitu (Causative and Risk Factors)Chhungkuaa ruihhlo hmangsual awm vangChhungkua boruak zir loh vangThiante nawrna (Peer Pressure)Rilru lam harsatna engemaw ber an neih sa inHarsatna an neih chhawk nana an hmanin Chak lohna engemaw bik an neihinSource: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)

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Substance use disorders (Addiction)

Indirect suicide???

35

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There’s a

Big

Biological / Genetic

Contribution to Drug Abuse and Addiction…….Overlapping with Environmental Influences that Help Make Addiction a Complex Disease36

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The usual drug-use ‘career’From ‘

softer

’ to ‘

harder’ drugs-37-TobaccoCharas / GanjaHeroin / SmackInjection TidigesicAlcohol

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Baseline survey on extent & pattern of Drug use in Mizoram (SWD)

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Note: The 1

st

drug use is tobacco & solvents and progressively move on to alcohol and cannabis and so on..

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Second Hand Smoke Exposure Mizoram

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Universal women’s helpline2016-17 calls & cases received

Quarter

July-Sept

2016Oct-Dec 2016Jan-Mar2016TotalTotal no. of calls received193397222812Total no. of cases received276356146Total no. of calls attributable to alcohol97199111406(50%)Total no. of cases attributable to alcohol14322874(50.68%)

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Mizoram synod social front booklet no.49

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MLPC Act 2014 Study Group Report in a tarlan

danin

:

23.38% (Hospital pali atanga damlo record an neih) -zu vang19% -alcohol related deaths

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KTP Rorel

Inkhawm

2019 Report

Sl.noMember thi zat4701Mipa 4282Hmeichhia42

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KAN SUM LEH PAI A NGHAWNG DAN

(

Zu

)MLPC Act hman atanga thla 8 chhungin Govt. Of Mizoram in zu zawrhna atangin Rs.19.44 crore tax a la lutZu kaihhnawih vanga accident thleng vangin Rs.16 lakhs Zu ruih vanga accident inenkawlna senso zat Rs.4.09 croreZu in nasat vanga natna enkawl nan Rs.6.35 croreJudicial cost atan Rs.2.67 croreRs.1.20 crore zu vanga lungin tang te tan sen ral ani bawk

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KAN SUM LEH PAI A NGHAWNG DAN(

Vaihlo

)

NI TINA KAN SUM HMAN RAL ZAT(Mizoram Presbyterian Kohhran Hmeichhe Report 2004)Rs. 8,93,933.35CIGARETTES = ₹ 718/- Per MonthApprox. Figure3,20,000 smokers X ₹ 718 = ₹ 22,97,60,000/-

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NO.1 POSITIONS IN CANCER IN INDIA

(INDIA RAMA PAKHATNA KAN NIHNA)

1

Cancer zawng zawng belhkhawm ah (Mipa & hmeichhe)2Hrawk & hnar cancer/ Nasopharynx Cancer (Mipa & hmeichhe)3Chuap Cancer (Mipa & Hmeichhia)4Pumpui Cancer (Mipa & Hmeichhia)5Chhulhmawr cancer (Hmeichhia)6Thisen cancer chi khat / Myeloid leukemia (Mipa)7Chaw dawt cancer (Mipa)

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THE CIGARETTES AND OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCTS

(PROHIBITION OF ADVERTISEMENT AND REGULATION OF TRADE AND COMMERCE, PRODUCTION, SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION) ACT, 2003

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MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE ACT

1

Prohibition of smoking in public places

Sec-42Prohibition of advertisement of cigarettes and tobacco products Sec-53Prohibition of tobacco products to minors saleSec-6(a)4Prohibition of sale of tobacco products near educational institutions Sec-6(b)5Regulation of health warning on tobacco products packs Sec-7

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VAIHLO NGHEI DUH TAN

DISTRICT HOSPITAL tin ah

AH OPD HUN CHHUNGA PAN THEIH RENG KAN NI