The last thing we wish to see Disaster context and coordination structures International and national response Key actors involved Coordination mechanisms used Introduction to assessments Information sources and information sharing mechanisms ID: 1020953
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1. Session 3: Stakeholder Coordination
2. The last thing we wish to see…
3. Disaster context and coordination structuresInternational and national responseKey actors involvedCoordination mechanisms usedIntroduction to assessmentsInformation sources and information sharing mechanismsPlan of Action and Terms of ReferenceContent
4. Disaster contextHow would you describe the context of a disaster?
5. Group work: identifying stakeholdersRead today’s scenario:Which would be the three key national actors involved?Which would be the three key international actors?Remember to focus on the environmental aspects!Task: list all possible stakeholders (one actor / note), indicating the most important ones
6. Group work: interacting with stakeholdersReturn, in your groups, to your scenario:How do you reach out to, communicate and coordinate with these actors?What are the differences in how you communicate with different actors?How do you share your findings with these actors?Task: list coordination mechanisms and methods
7. National and international responseKey principles:Sovereignty, territorial integrity and national unity of States, consent of affected country, responsibility of State to care for victim;Humanity, neutrality, impartiality, independence;National system: Local Emergency Management Authority (LEMA), responsible for national response, host nation support, varying levels of capacity/resources, may be affected, may be politicised.
8. FormalGovernment and local authoritiesInternational humanitarian response system: UN, donors, regional organisationsCivil societyMilitaryInformalAffected people and communitiesInformal groups and NGOsMilitia/rebelsReligious groupsPrivate sectorFormal vs. informal disaster response
9. Humanitarian Coordination – the conceptNGOsNGOsNGOsNGOsNGOsCMOCHost Govt/AmbassadorsDonorGovt’sPlanning and Coordination(ERC)Operations and ImplementationPolicy(ERC)OCHA(UNDAC)Cluster leadUNHCRHumanitarianCoordinatororLead AgencySRSG(if required)UN SGCluster lead“IFRC”Cluster leadWFPCluster leadUNICEFCluster leadWHO
10. Relief Coordination – the realityOSSOCEMOPSUNCEFPNS’NGOsWFPNGOsWFPRomeMILUNDACOCHANew YorkHumanitarianCoordinatorSGOCHACoordinatorCMOCUNCSUSAID/DARTAmbassadorDonorGovt’sNGOsNGOsUNDPUNHCRPrivateIFRC
11. Making sense of it all: coordinationCoordination mechanisms:National Emergency Response Centre (or similar)UN Resident/Humanitarian Coordinator, UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination, Union Civil Protection Mechanism, USAR teams (INSARAG)On-site Operations Coordination Centre (OSOCC)Global Disaster Alerts Coordination System (GDACS)Virtual OSOCC
12. Part of the international emergency response system for sudden-onset emergencies. UNDAC teams can deploy at short notice (12-48 hours) anywhere in the world.European Union Civil Protection Mechanism enables coordinated assistance from the participating states to victims of natural and man-made disasters in Europe and elsewhere.Coordination mechanisms: International levelUrban Search and Rescue (USAR) teams of more than 80 countries operate under the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) under the UN umbrella according to specific guidelines.UNRC/HCAppointed by the UN Secretary-General, chairs (Humanitarian) Country Team, represents the UN to the central government and coordinates the UN response.
13. Making sense of it all: informationInformation-sharing mechanismsCoordination fora (OSOCC, VOSOCC)Humanitarian ID: https://humanitarian.id/ Humanitarian response: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/ (phasing out)Reliefweb: http://reliefweb.int/ Humanitarian Data Exchange: https://data.humdata.org/
14. Group work: coordination and information toolsEach group is assigned one of the following tools: OSOCC & GDACS; VOSOCC, Kobo Toolbox; Reliefweb, Humanitarian Data Exchange:Research your tool online and/or in the UNDAC handbook (use the electronic version and search it);What do you see that is or could be useful to the environmental expert?How could you as an environmental expert make the tool more useful to others during your emergency deployment?
15. OSOCCThe On-Site OperationsCoordination Centre is set upto assist local authorities incoordinating international reliefLinks international responders and the GovernmentProvides a platform for cooperation, coordination and information managementSize and functions vary according to disaster
16. Virtual OSOCC: https://vosocc.unocha.org
17. GDACS http://www.gdacs.org
18. Reliefweb http://reliefweb.int/
19. Humanitarian Data Exchange https://data.humdata.org/
20. Cluster approachLead agency in each sector;Objective: a more predictable response;Cluster leads are “providers of last resort” in case of gaps in their sectors;What are the strengths and weaknesses of this approach?
21. Group work: talking the talkYou’ll be given two clusters relevant for your emergency. Prepare three key messages to each of the two clusters, explaining the relevance of environmental issues and environmental impacts to the work of that cluster.Remember – this is about life saving so keep the focus on how this affects people within the remit of the cluster/sector;Cluster coordinators are busy people! Keep it brief;Try to include one message also relevant to a cross-cutting theme;Consider the environmental impacts of the response actions likely to be implemented by the cluster and how they might affect people.
22. Coffee break!
23. Group debrief
24. Environment in the disaster contextKey principles:Environmental work must be integrated in the overall humanitarian operations;In line with relevant legal and policy frameworks;Consider ongoing programmes and projects (Govt, national, intl NGOs and donors);Make use of existing knowledge (situation, land use, socio-economic context);Be participatory and consultative (bring in national technical experts!) and be a convincing communicator!
25. Introduction to assessmentsWhy assess?Who assesses?What opportunities doassessments provide theenvironmentalexpert?
26. Types of assessments UncoordinatedMultiple AssessmentsMultiple MethodologyMultiple ReportsHarmonized (coord.)Multiple assessments with common questionsSingle MethodologyJoint (coord., e.g. MIRA)Single assessment formSingle methodologySingle reportIncreasing Coordination
27. Assessment context
28. Emergency phases and information needsTimeAssessment focusPhase IPhase II Phase III Phase IVSaving and sustaining livesRe establishing essential servicesRestoring livelihoodsWhat do you need to know now?Phase 0Preparedness
29. Humanitarian Programme Cycle overviewProtractedEmergencyNeeds Assess-ment/ AnalysisHNOHumanitarian Needs Overview►Response Planning HRPHumanitarian Response Plan►Response Monitoring PMRPeriodic Monitoring ReportCoordinated Needs Assessment/AnalysisMIRAMulti-Cluster Initial Rapid Assessment (or similar)►Initial Collective Response Planning Flash Appeal Sudden OnsetEmergency
30. MIRA overviewMulti Cluster Interagency Rapid AssessmentPurpose: Identify humanitarian priorities rapidly2 products: 72 hours: Situation analysis 2 weeks: MIRA reportIASC Operational Guidance calls for joint assessment before in depth sectoral assessments = MIRAFramework for the identification of needs and the collection, collation and analysis of secondary and primary data.
31. Assessments: entry points for environmentQuestions to be asked:What are the main drivers of the crisis (including environmental, socio-political, climatic and economic factors)?What are the underlying factors (often pre-existing conditions) of the crisis (including environmental…..) that may lead to increased vulnerabilities?Are there other key issues to be considered (environment, HIV, disability, etc.)?Selecting key informantsOn the basis of the information they can provide on the affected population’s profile, movement trends), security, context and sectoral issues (water, environment and sanitation ….).
32. New Way of WorkingThe “humanitarian architecture” is constantly being updated and improved:“New Way of Working” describes an approach aiming to bring together humanitarian and development actors using a longer term vision;Multi-year timeframes, complementary mandates, planning of “collective outcomes”;What opportunities could this open up for the environmental expert to influence long-term emergencies?How might we be able to influence future development and environmental policy? Who should we work with?
33. What, who and when?To be adjusted upon arrivalTerms of Reference: Environmental Expert
34. Initial PoA is developed before missionConsiderations: team composition, roles, on-site supportInclude: information flow, reporting requirements, outputs, communicationsUpdate during mission: objectives, constraints, needs, resources, handover and exitsPlan of Action (PoA)
35. Group work: developing your Plan of ActionReturn, in your groups, to your scenario:Develop a Plan of Action (PoA) for your three-week mission to assess the situationConsider: international and national coordination mechanisms, key actors, information-sharing and dissemination of findingsBe prepared to present your PoA to the LEMA Director in 30 mins
36. Working as an environmental expertMultitude of actorsCoordination cumbersome, but shouldn’t be avoidedDuplication between various actors, processes and assessmentsHidden agendas (geopolitics, selection of area of intervention)Change of actors: few active from relief to recoveryInteraction with all actors isn’t feasible: get to know key players and involve national actorsSet priorities for your interventionsPromote joint assessments
37. EE Expert Hubhttps://sites.google.com/site/environmentalexpertsguidance/
38. Thank you!Questions?