Chagas and Zika what you need to know Peter M Piermarini PhD Assistant Professor Department of Entomology 3302633641 piermarini1osuedu httpwwwexaminercom 1 Chagas disease ID: 998459
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1. Insect-borne diseases in the news: Chagas and Zika—what you need to knowPeter M. Piermarini, Ph.D.Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Entomology330-263-3641piermarini.1@osu.eduhttp://www.examiner.com
2. 1) Chagas diseaseNov 16 2015
3. 1) Chagas diseasea chronic illness in humans and canines caused by a single-celled parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi http://chagasdiseasebiology.blogspot.com/Pathogen (Trypanosoma cruzi)transmitted by a group of blood-feeding insects known as kissing bugs (a.k.a. reduviid or triatomid bugs)Vector (kissing bug)
4. the pathogen normally circulates between bugs and wild animals in sylvatic habitats1) Chagas disease
5. infected bugs in domestic habitats can transmit Chagas to humans and domestic animals (dogs, guinea pigs)1) Chagas disease
6. Bern C. N Engl J Med 2015;373:456-466.1) Chagas diseasea significant public health issue in Latin America (~8 million cases/yr, ~16K deaths/yr, ~700K DALY)
7. 1) Chagas diseasea ‘silent killer’ that leads to chronic heart and gastrointestinal diseaseBern C. N Engl J Med 2015;373:456-466.
8. 1) Chagas diseasea ‘silent killer’ that leads to chronic heart and gastrointestinal diseaseBern C. N Engl J Med 2015;373:456-466.jama.jamanetwork.com
9. 1) Chagas diseasekissing bugs are the primary vector (Order Hemiptera, Family Reduviidae, Subfamily Triatominae)Long, conical head (cone-nose)Large bug (5-45 mm), dark colorationThin, thread-like antennaePiercing, sucking mouthpartsLarge eyes, distinct ‘neck’
10. 1) Chagas diseasekissing bugs can be confused with other common bugsidtools.orgbugguide.netbugguide.netnjaes.rutgers.eduAssassin bugLeaf-footed bugWheel bugStink bug
11. 1) Chagas diseasekissing bugs are obligate blood feedersjama.jamanetwork.cominfected bugs transmit Trypansoma cruzi via defecation when feeding
12. only one species of kissing bug is found in Ohio1) Chagas diseaseTriatoma sanguisugaa sylvatic species that feeds on small mammals and birdsa potential vector of Chagas, but no evidence for transmission in Ohio
13. Bern et al. (2011) Clin Microbiol Revdistribution of potential Chagas vectors in the U.S.1) Chagas disease
14. no evidence for Chagas in animal reservoirs of OhioBern et al. (2011) Clin Microbiol RevBern et al. (2011) Clin Microbiol RevCanine cases1) Chagas disease
15. www.aabb.orgthe U.S. blood supply is screened for Chagas1) Chagas diseasenearly all positive samples are imported cases from Latin America
16. 1) Chagas diseasedon’t lose any sleep over kissing bugs in Ohiobe aware of risk factors when travelling to areas of Latin America with endemic Chagas (rural areas, poor housing quality, raw foods)
17. 2) Zika virusan arthropod-borne (arbo) virus that causes an acute febrile illness in humanstransmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus)Vectorbase.orgAedes aegyptiAedes albopictusVectorbase.orgsexual transmission between humans is also possible
18. 2) Zika virusis the most recent exotic arbovirus to reach the Western hemisphere (after West Nile & chikungunya)200720152013-14
19. 2) Zika virusso far, all cases in the U.S. are travel/sex relatedwww.nytimes.comZika-related flight routes
20. 2) Zika virususually is asymptomatic or causes minor symptomshttp://www.paho.org
21. 2) Zika virushowever, emergence of Zika in Brazil has coincided with elevated reporting of a rare birth defect (microcephaly) and autoimmune disorder (Guillan-Barre syndrome)http://www.childrenshospital.org
22. 2) Zika virusCDC has issued travel alerts for women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy (male partners also)
23. What is the risk of Zika transmission in Ohio? 2) Zika viruswww.vox.com
24. www.cbsnews.comrisk of transmission in the U.S. is greatest in the south2) Zika virus
25. exercise vigilance during mosquito seasonavoid mosquito bites if travelling to areas of Latin America with endemic Zika and within 1 week of returning2) Zika virusChatham.ces.ncsu.eduwww.moonworkshome.compediatrics.about.comwisementrading.com/www.screenmanrochester.com
26. http://tripandtravelblog.com/www.greenplanetmonitor.net/http://www.idrc.ca/For both Chagas and Zika, socioeconomics is a major contributing factor
27. Questions? startribune-com