A lecture on the chess game of the Catholic Church and its - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

A lecture on the chess game of the Catholic Church and its followers by former Notre Dame student Patrick Manning

Reformation and

Counter-ReformationSlide2

The Reformation was not only revolt against the teachings and practices of the Catholic church but against authority as well.Here is what Europe

looked like at the time -

What was the Reformation?Slide3

There were five basic reasons that the Catholic Church fell out of favor with rulers and people

1. Political

– rulers in European countries resented the church and Pope claim that the church ruled over civil authority.

Can you think of a ruler who broke from the church as a result?

2. Economic

– Rulers wanted access to Church landsBusiness people resented the tithe and the prohibition of charging interest on loans3. Nationalists resented Rome getting taxes from their country4. Intellectual – the Renaissance and its questioning attitude and emphasis on learning led to a challenging of Church doctrine5. Church Abuses – People became envious of the luxurious lifestyle of the Pope. People also became upset with nepotism and the practices of Simony and the selling of indulgences.Homework (1) – find out what nepotism, Simony, and indulgences are.Homework (2) – What does it mean to be nationalistic?

What caused people to be unhappy with the Catholic Church?Slide4

John Wycliffe

Wycliffe believed that the Bible was the highest religious authority, not the Pope. Wycliffe translated the Bible into English. He was denounced by the Pope.

Why do think that translating the Bible into English was important?

Wycliffe factoid – Wycliffe’s followers were known as the

Lollards

John Huss Even though he was burned at the stake, his followers, the Hussites, gained some compromises with the Holy Roman EmporerEramus – A Humanist who remained a devout Catholic even though he attacked Church abuses.Early attempts at reformSlide5

Martin Luther was highly educated (studying to become a lawyer) and a devout Catholic who considered himself a terrible sinner.

Life changing moment – Luther is struck down by lighting and promises that if he lives he will devote his life to the Catholic church – “Help dear Saint Anne, I will become a monk!” Luther is saved and joins a monastery

Luther studies and develops a philosophy called

“justification of faith”

that the only thing that counted was an inner faith was more important than religious ceremonies and good deeds. Only God could provide salvation. Luther called this “the opening of doors into paradise.”

Regardless of your religious beliefs how do you feel about Luther’s philosophy on religion?Things really begin to change with Martin LutherSlide6

Luther promotes that simple faith could lead everyone to salvation – This is called

Lutheranism.

Luther then takes on the Catholic church by posting the

95 theses which criticized

JohanTetzel

and the selling of indulgences.Luther argued that the sole religious authority was the Bible not the Pope.Luther believed that the only two ceremonies of the Church that were important were baptism and communion.As a result, Luther is excommunicated by the Pope and banished from the Holy Roman Empire by the Diet of Worms. His works were also not allowed to be printed or sold. What do we call this?What impact do you think that this had on people?

Luther’s followers were also known as

Protestants.

Why do you think this was?

Luther takes on the Catholic ChurchSlide7

Other Protestants and their beliefs (part I)

Henry VIII – the King of England broke with Catholic church because

1. the Pope would not grant him a divorce

2. He wanted the Church land that was located in England

Henry had

Parliament pass the Act of Supremacy which created the Anglican Church and put the church under his leadership.What was Henry VIII’s motivation? self, national, or religiousSlide8

Other Protestants and their beliefs (part II)

John Calvin was a French reformer.

He believed in theory of

predestination.

Predestination

is the belief that God chose people beforehand to receive salvation. People who were chosen would stand out by the way they lived their moral lives.Calvin factoid – His religious group was known as Calvinists, in France they were known as Huguenots, in England they were known as Puritans, and in Scotland they were known as Presbyterians.Slide9

The Catholic Church began the

Counter-Reformation

to deal with

Protestant movement of Luther and others. How did the Church work to improve the Catholic religion and defend itself?

1. Required more of its leaders. Clergy was asked to be more devoted and held to higher standards.

2. The Council of Trent – The council (1) re-affirmed Papal supremacy and the Church’s authority to interpret the bible, (2) prohibited nepotism, simony, and selling indulgences, (3) required the clergy to renounce worldly pleasures, and (4) created an Index – a list of heretical books that Catholics were forbidden to read. 3. Brought back the Inquisition.4. Created the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) who were missionaries that spread the Catholic faith. The most famous of these people was Ignatius of Loyola

.

The response of the Catholic ChurchSlide10

Do you think that the Catholic Church’s attempt to reform itself made it any better?How would you have approached the issues of Luther and the Protestant movement?

Take 2 minutes and come up with a

response

Stewie says,” Make sure to use complete sentences or I will gouge your eyes out!”

A quick discussion question Slide11

1.Religious unity in western Europe ended.

2. A number of wars broke out during the 16

th

and 17

th

centuries.3. Civil authority (kings, queens, etc.) gained more power and countries gained their own identity.Here is what Europe looked like around 1600What happened in the end?