Health and Safety Objectives of First Aid Preserve life Prevent condition Deteriorating Promote recovery The 3 Ps Preserve Life Danger Response Airway Breathing Circulation Control bleeding ID: 1048407
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1. Paediatric First AidBlended
2. Health and Safety
3. Objectives of First AidPreserve life.Prevent condition Deteriorating Promote recoveryThe 3 P’s
4. Preserve LifeDangerResponseAirwayBreathingCirculationControl bleeding
5. Prevent Condition DeterioratingThorough examinationDress woundsImmobilise fracturesPosition of casualty
6. Promote RecoveryReassureRelieve painHandle gentlyProtect from the elementsArrange for appropriate medical attention
7. Primary SurveyDangerResponse- communicate with and shake casualtys “shout for help if isolated/alone!!”AirwayBreathingCirculationControl bleeding
8. The Recovery PositionUsed for an unconscious casualty who is breathingIt:- Prevents the tongue from blocking the throatAids drainage
9. Questions?
10. Basic Life SupportCardiopulmonary Resuscitation (C.P.R)
11. Recent statistics Consensus paper on Out-of-Hospital- Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in EnglandDated 16th October 2014:EMS attempted to Resuscitate approximately 28,000 victims of CA80% in the home20% in public places
12. Recent statistics When EMS arrived only approx 20% had Shockable rhythmThis could increase dramatically if more victims received some immediate CPROnly 8.6% of victims survived for discharge in England compared with:21% in Holland!25% in Norway!
13. UK Survival Rates are low due to a number of reasons:Failure to recognise cardiac arrestLack of knowledge of what to doFear of causing harm (such as breaking victim’s ribs)Fear of being suedLack of knowledge of the location of an PADNo access to an PAD at time of cardiac arrest(PAD; Public Access Defibrillator )
14. Recent statistics Summary:28,000 cases with only 8.6% surviving to discharge from hospital = 2,40825,592 Victims died in England, many of which may have survived with early intervention and CPR administered
15. UnresponsiveShout for HelpShake and shoutOpen the AirwayHead tilt/chin liftNot Breathing Normally?Check for max 10 secondsSend or go and call 999/11230 Chest Compressions2 Rescue Breaths30 Chest CompressionsChild & Baby5 Initial Breaths30 Chest Compressions2 Rescue Breaths30 Chest CompressionsFor 1 minuteSend or go and call 999/112
16. Rescue BreathsNo KNOWN risk of HIV or Hepatitis from oral contact alone.Consider protecting yourself by using a barrier.“If unwilling, or unable, to carry out rescue breaths – carry out continuous compressions at a rate of 100/120 per minute”..
17. Ventilation With a Pocket Mask/Face shieldAdvantages:-Eliminates direct contact.Allows for adequate lung ventilation.Can be attached to supplementary oxygen..
18. Final ThoughtsIf you start C.P.R the casualty may, or may not, be successfully resuscitated. If you do not start their chance of survival will diminish by 20% per minute.Don’t let your C.P.R skills get rusty-a friends life may depend on them.Lets get the UK survival rates up inline with other EU countries!
19. ChokingChild 1 year to pubertyBaby 0- 1 year
20. Mild or Severe?“Ask, Are you choking?”Mild:Victim speaks & answers yes.Victim is able to speak, cough and breathe.Severe:Victim unable to speak.Victim unable to breathe, sounds wheezy, silent coughing.May be unconscious ..
21. Obstruction By a Foreign BodySigns and Symptoms:-Victim cannot speak or make any sound.Universal distress signal for choking.Cyanotic skin.Exaggerated but ineffective breathing sounds.Collapse.
22. Techniques to Relieve ChokingCoughing.(Mild airway obstruction)Back blows. (Coughing not effective or severe airway obstruction)Abdominal thrusts. (Back blows not effective, severe airway obstruction)Chest thrusts. (Back blows not effective baby 0-1 year old)
23. CoughingMost effective way if the airway is partially blocked.Calm the casualty down.Ask them to cough.Don’t continue asking if they cannot expel the foreign body..
24. Back BlowsUsed when coughing is ineffective or severe airway obstruction.Used to create an artificial cough.Delivered between the shoulder blades with the flat of your hand..
25. Abdominal ThrustsUsed if back blows are ineffective during a severe airway obstruction.Purpose is to create an artificial cough.Abdominal thrusts can be performed whilst victim is sitting, standing or laying down..Note: Never perform abdominal thrusts on a baby (0-1 years of age)
26. Child ChokingUnconscious and not breathing.Start CPRConscious5 Back Blows5 AbdominalThrustsMild Airway Obstruction Assess SeveritySevere Airway ObstructionEncourage to CoughContinue Checking
27. When to call the emergency services If you have not been successful in clearing the blockage after the first cycle – call 999/112 for emergency help.Then repeat back blows and abdominal thrusts until help arrives.If the person loses consciousness and they are not breathing, you should begin cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
28. Final ThoughtsThere isn’t a second to spare in treating the victim of choking.Death from asphyxia occurs within about 5 minutes.All victims of choking who have had abdominal thrusts performed on them should be sent, or advised, to go to hospital.
29. Any Questions
30. Epilepsy/Seizures
31. Epilepsy/SeizuresWhat is it?Disturbance of the brain’s normal activity.Why?Head injury.Disease.Lack of oxygen.Some poisons.Temperature.60% are unknown.
32. Treatment of Epilepsy/Seizures During the seizure:-Protect from further harm.Keep people away.Once the seizure has finished:-ABC.s.Secondary survey.Loosen clothing.Recovery position.Protect their dignity.Encourage to attend hospital.Do not:-Restrain them unless they are in danger.Put anything in the mouth..
33. Epilepsy/Seizures-Who Needs to Attend Hospital?It is a first fit.If the casualty remains unconscious for longer than 10 minutes.If the fit lasts for more than 5 minutes.If the casualty has repeated fits.If you are at all unsure..
34. Any Questions ?.
35. 35Wounds and Bleeding
36. 36BleedingInternalExternalArterial - bright red & spurtsVenous - darker red & may pool Capillary - oozes out
37. 37Arresting External BleedingA.B.C’sSit/lay casualty downQuickly assess and examine the wound-(gloves!)Apply direct pressure Inspect it, Clean itApply a sterile dressing-max of twoUse of Haemostatic agents and or Tourniquets (if trained)Rest and reassureTreat for shockSource ERC Oct 2015 guidelines
38. 38Nose BleedsLean the casualty forward.Pinch the nose for 10 minutes.Slowly release.If still bleeding reapply for a further 10 minutes.If not controlled within 30 minutes refer to hospital..
39. 39Questions ?
40. Shock
41. ShockA collapse of the circulatory system, leading to a lack of oxygenation of the tissues
42. IntroductionNormal oxygenation (perfusion) requires:-A functioning pump.Adequate fluid volume.Intact tubing.Adequate air exchange.Damage to one, or more, of these will lead to inadequate tissue perfusion which leads to shock..
43. Types of ShockThere are many types of shock-the ones most relevant to a first aider are:Low volume (Hypovolemic).Anaphylactic.(discussed yesterday).
44. Low Volume(Hypovolemic) ShockThe most common form of shock due to a loss of body fluid:-Blood -Plasma -Electrolyte -Water -Haemorrhage.Burns.Diarrhoea & Vomiting.Sweating..
45. Low Volume Shock Signs and symptoms:-Restlessness and anxiety.Thirsty.Pale, cold, clammy skin.Rapid, shallow breathing.Weakness and giddiness.Nausea and possible vomiting.Altering levels of consciousness..
46. Treatment for Low Volume ShockA.B.C’s first.Control any external bleeding.Lay down-head low/feet raised.Keep them warm.Loosen tight clothing.Monitor.Seek urgent medical help..
47. Do not:Leave the casualty unattended.Let them eat, drink or smoke.Try to warm them with direct heat.Move the casualty unnecessarily.Waste time..
48. Animal and Human BitesTreatment:Wash the bite wound thoroughly with soap and warm water.Treat any bleeds.Dry and dress the wound.Seek medical help if unsure.
49. Tick BitesTreatment:Remove as soon as possible as they carry disease.Use tweezers, grasp the head as close to the skin as possiblePull upwards steadily.Save the tick in a sealed plastic bagSeek medical help and show the extracted tick
50. Treatment:Irrigate the wound with plenty of waterApply a pressure bandageCover any wound site then bandage tightly, cover whole limb.Immobilise to minimise movement, calm casualty.Make a note of the time of biteEvacuate as soon as possibleProvide as much information to medical staff as possible.Snake Bite
51. StingsTreatment:Reassure the casualtyIf the sting is visible carefully scrape it off with the edge of a credit card or your fingernail.Apply a cold compress to minimise swelling.If the sting is in the mouth give casualty an ice cube to suck or glass of cold water.Monitor the casualty for any allergic reaction.Seek medical help if unsure.
52. SummaryAccess/inspect – The injuryClean – The injuryDress – The injuryTreat for shockSeek professional medical help if unsure
53. 53Thank you for attending Sprouts Training