Metabolism is the sum of all biological processes There are 2 major metabolic processes Anabolism the building up of complex molecules Catabolism the breaking down of complex molecules Macromolecules ID: 1034793
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1. MACROMOLECULES
2. Metabolic ProcessesMetabolism is the sum of all biological processes. There are 2 major metabolic processesAnabolism – the building up of complex moleculesCatabolism – the breaking down of complex molecules
3. MacromoleculesLarge organic molecules (made of carbon)Known as polymers Made up of smaller “building blocks” – monomersFormed through a process known as dehydration synthesisForms polymers by combining monomers by removing waterSeparated through a process known as hydrolysis Monomers are separated through the addition of water
4. 4 Major Types of MacromoleculesCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
5. After watching the video, with your partner, identify 2 examples of carbohydrates?
6. CarbohydratesSugar molecules (ranging from small sugars to large sugars)Have the molecular formula (CH2O)n
7. CarbohydratesMonomers – monosaccharides: a single sugar unitPolymers – disaccharides (two sugar units) and polysaccharides (many sugar units)glucoseglucoseglucoseglucoseglucoseglucoseglucoseglucoseglucosecellulose
8. Carbohydrate - FunctionMain source of energy for the bodyProvide short term energy – will be used up in short periods of timeStructure/Support – make up the cell wall in plants Examples: Starch, glucose, cellulose
9. Check for Understanding: With your partner, identify the following as polymers or monomers.
10. LipidsCompounds that are not soluble in waterGeneral structure of a lipdSaturdated fatty acids – have single C-C bondsUnsaturated fatty acids – have at least 1 double C-C bond
11. LipidsMonors – triglyceridesMade up of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acidsNo polymers HH-C----OH-C----OH-C----O HglycerolOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3=fatty acidsOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3=OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3=
12. Lipids - functionsLong term energy storageProtection against heat lossMajor component of membranes (phospholipids)Examples: cholesterol, oils, waxes
13. Check for Understanding: With your partner, label the fatty acids below as either saturated or unsaturated.
14. Proteins Polypeptide chains made from amino acidsHave a 3 dimensional globular shapeAmino acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl acid, variable R group
15. ProteinsMonomer – amino acids2 types of amino acidsEssential – cannot be made by the body (need to be consumed)Non-essential – can be made by the bodyPolymer – polypeptide chain
16. Proteins - functionStorageTransport of materialsMovement: musclesEnzymes: aid in cellular reactionsDefense: antibodies (defend your body from infections)Examples: enzymes, hormones
17. With your partner, place a star next to each of the structures below that is an amino acid and tell me why.
18. Nucleic AcidsCompounds that are made up of nucleotides OO=P-O OPhosphate GroupNNitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T)CH2OC1C4C3C25 Sugar(deoxyribose)
19. Nucleic AcidsMonomers – nucleotidesPolymer – DNA/RNADNA – deoxyribonucleic acidGenetic materialCodes for proteinsRNA – ribonucleic acidReads the DNAMakes proteins
20. Nucleic Acids - FunctionStore genetic informationTransmit heredityExamples: DNA & RNA
21. Check for Understanding:With your partner, place a star next to each of the structures below that represent the nitrogenous base component of a nucleotide. Be sure to include why.