Volunteer Retention How it Translates to the Little Guy Leslie Leonard Sponsored by Professor Leslie Lenkowsky School of Public and Environmental Affairs 2010 Honors Thesis The Reason for Study ID: 703075
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Slide1
Media Framing: Reporting on School Shootings in the United States
Monya CohenSlide2
97Slide3
97
18Slide4
Peer Survey
78%
22%
89%
66%
22%
11%
56%
44%
Marshall County
Great Mills
Santa Fe
Marjory Stoneman
11%Slide5
Does
Race
,
Income
, and
Population
impact national media coverage?
School Shootings per state, K-12Slide6
Model Article
Nine shootings, 1997-2001Slide7
Model Article
Nine shootings, 1997-2001
Columbine High School
170 articlesSlide8
Model Article
Nine shootings, 1997-2001
Columbine High School
170 articles
Eight other shootings
120 articles
combinedSlide9
School
Location
Date
Killed,
Wounded
CNN Transcripts
Columbine High
Littleton City, CO
‘99
15
,
36
348
Red Lake
Senior High
Red
Lake,
MN
‘05
10
,
17
100
West
Nickel
Mines
Nickel Mines, PA
‘06
6
,
11
6
Sandy
Hook
Elementary
Newtown, CT
’12
28
,
30
294
Marysville
Pilchuck
High
Marysville, WA‘145, 673Rancho Tehama ElementaryRancho Tehama Reserve, CA‘176, 2415Marjory Stoneman DouglasParkland, FL‘1817, 34424Santa Fe HighSanta Fe, TX‘1810, 23105Slide10
Data Collection Method
K-12, 1999—2018
5+
fatalitiesSlide11
Data Collection Method
K-12, 1999—2018
5+
fatalities
Quantitative research
CNN TranscriptsSlide12
Data Collection Method
K-12, 1999—2018
5+
fatalities
Quantitative research
CNN Transcripts
Nexis Uni
“Name of school” + “shoot!” + “
gunm
!”
14-day period after the
incidentSlide13
Data Collection Method
K-12, 1999—2018
5+
fatalities
Quantitative research
CNN Transcripts
Nexis Uni
“Name of school” + “shoot!” + “
gunm
!”
14-day period after the
incident
Demographics
Census BureauSlide14
Variables
Independent
Fatalities
Demographic variablesSlide15
Variables
Independent
Fatalities
Demographic variables
Dependent
CNN TranscriptsSlide16
Variables
Independent
Fatalities
Demographic variables
Dependent
CNN Transcripts
Validity
Model ArticleSlide17Slide18Slide19Slide20Slide21
500
375
250
125
Number of Transcripts
FatalitiesSlide22Slide23
The Outliers
West Nickel Mines SchoolSlide24Slide25
500
375
250
125
Number of Transcripts
FatalitiesSlide26
The Outliers
West Nickel Mines School
ReligionSlide27
The Outliers
West Nickel Mines School
Religion
Santa Fe High SchoolSlide28Slide29Slide30
The Outliers
West Nickel Mines School
Religion
Santa Fe High School
MSD PublicitySlide31
The Outliers
West Nickel Mines School
Religion
Santa Fe High School
MSD Publicity
Marysville Pilchuck High SchoolSlide32Slide33Slide34
The Outliers
West Nickel Mines School
Religion
Santa Fe High School
MSD Publicity
Marysville Pilchuck High SchoolSlide35Slide36
Why is it important?
Implications
Normalize violenceSlide37
Why is it important?
Implications
Normalize violence
Alienation of local communitiesSlide38
Why is it important?
Implications
Normalize violence
Alienation of local communities
Degrade quality of informationSlide39
Why is it important?
Implications
Normalize violence
Alienation of local communities
Degrade quality of information
Policy issuesSlide40
Questions?Slide41
Policy Implications
Columbine High School
Produced 800 bills
Youth Gun Crime Enforcement Act (1999)
Only 10% of bills passedSlide42
Cable News Network (CNN)
25-43 year-old woman, leans to the left of political spectrum
40,000 unique viewers per month
Secondary audience
Most power users-18%
Heaviest users-17%Slide43
Further Improvements
Qualitative research method
Possible racial implications
More news outlets
Fox
MSNBC
Expanding the time frame
Larger sampleSlide44Slide45Slide46
References Cited
Birkland, Thomas, and Regina Lawrence. 2009. “Media Framing and Policy Change
after Columbine
.”
American Behavioral Scientist
52 (10): 1405-1425.
Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). (2010, October 05). American Factfinder.
Muschert, G. W., &
Carr
, D. (2006). Media salience and frame changing across events:
Coverage
of nine school shootings, 1997-2001.
Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly
,
83(2), 747-766
.Olmstead, K., Mitchell, A., & Rosenstiel, T. (2011). Navigating News Online: Where People
Go, How They Get There and What Lures Them Away.
Pew Research Center.
Peer Survey [Interview by M. Cohen]. (2019).Schildkraut, J., & Cox Hernandez, T. (2013). Laws That Bit the Bullet: A Review of
Legislative Responses to School Shootings. Southern Criminal Justice Association 2013, 358-374.
School Shootings Graphs & Data. (2019).