4 main functions 1 Ingestion food material taken into mouth 2 Digestion food is broken down mechanically and chemically as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract ID: 1037048
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1. Digestive System NotesQuiz Friday!
2. 4 main functions: 1. Ingestion—food material taken into mouth2. Digestion—food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract.Digestive enzymes aid the breakdown of complex nutrients. Proteins → amino acidsSugars → glucoseFats → fatty acids or triglycerides
3. 3. Absorption 4. Elimination Digested food passes into the bloodstream through lining cells of the small intestine. Nutrients travel to all cells of the body.Cells burn nutrients to release the energy stored in food.*The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into bloodstream.*The large intestine concentrates feces. *The wastes pass out of the body through the anus.
4. Small IntestineVilli in the lining of the small intestine help absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
5. Epiglottis- Flap leading to two tubes. The esophagus & Trachea
6. The Digestive TractDiagram on Quiz- With Word Bank
7. Parts of the Stomach Food travels through the digestive tract by peristalsis (wave like movements)
8. Stomach Continued What is the function of a sphincter? Opens to allow for food to travel through when peristalsis passes by.
9. Parts of the small intestine: Extends from Ilium to anus Function: Major digestive organ. Usable food is prepared for journey into cells of the body. Length? 6-13 feet long 3 parts: D-J-IDuodenum (10 inches)Jejunum (8 feet) Ileum (12 feet)- joins the large intestines
10. Large Intestines (AKA colon) Function: Receives fluid waste from digestion and stores until it can be released form the body. Size? Larger in width then small intestines, but shorter in length (5 feet) Made up of? Ascending, Transverse & Descending, Sigmoid colon and Anus. Subdivisions of L.I.? Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal.
11. Large Intestines Continued Function of appendix? No real function, not needed!
12. Function Pancreas? Converts food into fuel & helps assist in regulating blood sugar. Function of Gall Bladder? Store & concentrates bile (help in breakdown of fats & food)
13. Functions of the Liver…Besides producing bile, the liver also…Helps maintain normal blood glucose levelsManufactures blood proteins necessary for clottingReleases bilirubin, a pigment in bileRemoves toxins and poisons from the blood
14. Food Pathway through the GI TractFood enters through the oral cavity and exits through the anus
15. Abnormal ConditionsHernia – protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
16. Abnormal Conditions ContinuedAnal fistula – abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus Colonic polyposis – polyps (out pouching) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colonDiverticulosis – abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall
17. Abnormal Conditions ContinuedDysentery – painful, inflamed intestinesHemorrhoids – swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal regionCirrhosis – chronic degenerative disease of the liverViral hepatitis – inflammation of the liver caused by a virusCholelithiasis – gallstones in the gallbladder
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