Artificial Selection Natural Selection Sociobiology Selfish Genes and Adaptation Phylogeny and the Study of Animal Behavior Natural Selection produces an incredible array of traits Sequential ID: 749576
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Chapter 2: Evolution of Behavior
Artificial SelectionNatural SelectionSociobiology, Selfish Genes, and AdaptationPhylogeny and the Study of Animal BehaviorSlide2
Natural Selection produces an incredible array of traits!Sequential hermaphroditism occurs
in many fish and gastropods Individual sex at some point in its life. It can change from a male to female (protandry), or from female to male (protogyny)Moon Wrasse(Thalassoma lunare), a protogynous fish species
Ocellaris Clownfish (
Amphiprion ocellaris), a
protandrous fish speciesSlide3
The Indo-Pacific Gecko (Hemidactylus
garnotii) is a parthenogenetic speciesParthenogenesis usually results in an all female speciesSlide4
Charles Darwin studied
domesticated pigeonsDarwin (1868) The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
Selection for morphological variation
Artificial
SelectionSlide5
Artificial Selection for behavioral variation in pigeons
(top: tumbling bottom: homing)Slide6
Artificial Selection for behavioral variation in domestic dogs
Herding behaviorSlide7
Natural Selection
Selective Advantage of a TraitGroup Hunting in Cape Hunting Dogs (Lycaon pictus
) Slide8
Natural Selection
Selective Advantage of a Trait
Group Hunting in Cape Hunting Dogs
Phenotype
Genotype
Allele
Fitness advantage
Slide9
Darwinian fitness or overall fitness describes how successful an organism has
been at passing on its genes. The more likely that an individual is able to survive and live longer to reproduce, the higher is the fitness of that individual.Absolute FitnessThe total number of gene copies transmitted to the subsequent generation or the total number of surviving offspring that an individual produces during its lifetime.Relative FitnessA measure of biological fitness expressed as the ratio of the absolute fitness of an individual (or of a genotype or of a phenotype) and the absolute fitness of a reference individual (or of genotype or of phenotype).Inclusive fitnessThe number of genes individual organism to passes to the next generation, including the shared genes passed on by the organism's close relatives.Slide10Slide11
Natural Selection
How Natural Selection OperatesSlide12Slide13Slide14
Natural Selection
How Natural Selection OperatesParent-Offspring Regression Cliff Swallow group sizeSlide15Slide16
Fluctuating Asymmetry
Selection for symmetrical males?Sociobiology, Selfish Genes, and AdaptationSlide17
Sociobiology, Selfish Genes, and AdaptationSlide18Slide19
Killifish, Rivulus hartii, are small, fairly innocuous predators that can eat only tiny guppies. Are found in upstream (low-predation) sites in the rivers of Trinidad
Pike
cichlid, Crenicichla alta
is large a predator common in downstream sites native to guppies.Slide20
Sociobiology, Selfish Genes, and Adaptation
Kinship and Naked Mole Rat BehaviorSociobiology, Selfish Genes, and AdaptationEUSOCIALITYSlide21Slide22Slide23
Sociobiology, Selfish Genes, and Adaptation
Human Mate Choice (Buss, Trivers, Zahavi)Parental InvestmentFemale Choice
Handicap PrincipalSlide24
Phylogeny and the Study of Animal BehaviorSlide25Slide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31