Philippines Hari Srinivas Room I312 0795657406 International Environmental Policy Philippines snapshot Local Tribes Spain US Independent Nation 15 th century 15 th ID: 398676
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National Environmental Policy of:PhilippinesHari SrinivasRoom: I-312 / 079-565-7406
International Environmental PolicySlide2
Philippines snapshot
Local Tribes
Spain
US
Independent
Nation
~ 15
th
century 15th-19th century 19th-20th century 21st century
The Philippines is an archipelago that consist 7,107 islands with a total land area of 300,000 square kilometers (115,831 sq mi). The 11 largest islands contain 94% of the total land area.
Fragile and vulnerable to disastersDependence on ocean for foodClimate change and sea level raise
Small IslandsSlide3
Major Environmental IssuesIllegal loggingAir pollutionWater pollutionDiminishing mangrove swampsDepletion of water resourcesDestruction of coral reefsDiminishing natural habitat and biodiversity lossSlide4
Other influencing factorsLocation of Philippines:Typhoon belt – 5-6 typhoons every yearRing of Fire – earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptionsSlide5
Forest Management
Philippine forest at 7.2 M ha or 24% of country’s land area
8
M ha of forestlands degraded (26% of land area
)
Total
log ban in natural forests to conserve & protect (E.O. 23)
Created National Anti-Illegal Logging Task ForceSlide6
Clean Air
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) in Metro Manila is 166 micrograms/normal cubic meters (
μ
g/
Ncm
) in 1
st
half of 2010
84% beyond standard of 90
μg/Ncm
(WHO)Other polluted cities: San Fernando, Calapan
, Cebu, Zamboanga, Davao
Situation
– Major
urban
centers
are
pollutedSlide7
Clean Air
80% of pollution due to vehicular emissions
According to the World Bank, 18 million
Filipinos exposed to air pollution, with health cost & loss of income of P 7.6 B/year
Slide8
Clean Air
Government
Actions:
More stringent air emission standards for Compression & Spark-Ignition Engines (motorcycles & tricycles)
Strengthened enforcement & regulations
Agreement with Earth Day Network to make EDSA “
Linis
Hangin
Zone.” (
cellphone
to catch smoke-belchers)Slide9
Clean AirDENR, LTO, MMDA, etc. worked to reduce traffic & ensure compliance with emission testing to reduce vehicular emissions
Government
Actions:
Strengthened enforcement of regulationsSlide10
Clean AirStrengthened enforcement of regulationsDeveloped program with ADB to provide credit for conversion of tricycle engines to electric
Government
Actions:Slide11
Clean AirGovernment Actions:
As of June 2011, pollution reduced by 32% from 166 to 113
μ
g/
Ncm
.Slide12
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), or demand for oxygen in water, for 19 major rivers in 2010 at 27 milligrams/liter, 4x the standard at 7 mg/L
Situation
–
Waterways
/
esteros
in major
urban
centers
unfit
for
human
activity
Clean WaterSlide13
Pasig River, Manila
The Pasig River
connects
Laguna de Bay to Manila Bay.
Stretching
for 25 kilometres, it is lined by Metro Manila on both sides.
The Pasig River used to be an important transport route in Spanish Manila. Due to negligence and industrial development, the river has become very polluted and is considered dead (unable to sustain life) by ecologists.
Reasons for Pasig River being “dead”:Negligence
IndustrializationMunicipal wastesSewage and run-offDeforestation and soil erosion
Clean WaterSlide14
Government Actions:
Initiated “Adopt an Estero Program”
Before
After
Estero de Paco, Manila
(ABS-CBN Foundation)
Clean WaterSlide15
Before
After
Estero de Paco, Manila
Adopt an Estero Program
Government
Actions:
Clean WaterSlide16
Before
After
Estero de Paco, Manila
Government
Actions:
Adopt an Estero Program
Clean WaterSlide17
226
Major companies have adopted waterways
nationwide (Examples: Jollibee, San Miguel Foundation, Toyota, Masinloc Power Corp.)
Government
Actions :
Adopt an Estero Program
Clean WaterSlide18
Reduced solid wastes
Required Philippine Plastic Industry to develop program for retrieval/collection/ recycling of plastics
Launched “Reusable Bag Campaign for Greener Environment” with major malls & supermarkets
Government
Actions:
Clean WaterSlide19
Reduced solid wastesAgreement with 11 Metro Manila LGUs for solid waste management systems in subdivisions/ condominiums. Initially, 4,717 homeowners associations identified
Government
Actions
:
Clean WaterSlide20
GeohazardsPhilippines is prone to natural disasters due to geographical location & geological attributes: landslides, flooding, earthquakes, tsunami, etc.
Situation:Slide21
Geohazards – Disaster RisksClimate Change
Global Warming
Sea Level Raise
Typhoons
Volcanos
Earthquakes
Forest Fires
Flooding
LandslidesTsunamis…Slide22
Geohazards – Disaster RisksMan-made Disaster Risks
Population growth
Loss of agricultural lands
Deforestation
Soil Erosion
Air/Water PollutionWaste Disposal
Loss of Coral ReefsCoastal managementOverfishingMangroves distructionSlide23
GeohazardsCompleted geo-hazard mapping of all provinces/ cities/municipalities at 1:50,000 scaleDistributed 65,000 map sheets to all LGUs
More detailed mapping started for 88 landslide-prone cities/municipalities (scale of 1:10,000)
Government
Actions:
Conducted coastal
geohazard
assessment of 46 coastal municipalitiesSlide24
All government agencies to realign policies towards sustainable development
Philippines Council for Sustainable Development
(PCSD)
Philippines
Agenda 21
Document:
Agenda 21Agenda 21
Earth Summit1992Slide25
Environmental ProtectionPhilippines has signed a number of multilateral environmental agreements:Climate ChangeBiodiversityEndangered SpeciesHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaMarine DumpingNuclear Test Ban Ozone Layer ProtectionTropical Timber AgreementSlide26
Government AgenciesDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)Department of Health (DoH)Philippines Sustainable Development Network FoundationEnvironmental Management Bureau
Protected Areas and Wildlife BureauSlide27
Non-Governmental OrganizationsEcological Society of the PhilippinesFoundation for the Philippines EnvironmentFund for Nature of the PhilippinesHaribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources Inc.NGOs for Integrated Protected Areas
“NGOs”?
These are non-profit organizations composed of individuals whose aim is to render their expertise and help different sectors of the societySlide28
Non-Governmental OrganizationsPambansang Kilusan ng mga Samahang Magsasaka (PAKISAMA)Philippines Institute of Alternative Futures (PIAF)Foundation for Sustainable Society (FSS)
Foundation for the Philippines Environment (FPE)
Biodiversity Conservation Network (BCN)
Besides NGOs, a number of “People’s Organizations” (composed of local and indigenous groups who are directly affect by an issue) also work on environmental issuesSlide29
Environment Framework
“The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.”
SECTION 16 ARTICLE II,
1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONSlide30
Philippine Development Plan: 2011-2016
1.
Improved conservation, protection and rehabilitation of natural resources
2
. Improved environmental quality for a cleaner and healthier environment
3.
Enhanced resilience of natural systems and improved adaptive capacities of human communities to cope with environmental hazards including climate related risksSlide31
Current ChallengesClear public demand for development Clear public concerns with environment Highly sectoralized development and environmental policies Unclear policy prescriptions on linking population, environment, and development
Unclear
policy on
prioritizing
national interests on environment and developmentSlide32
DENR Policy FrameworkSectoral policies
(Forestry, water,
wsate
, air etc.)
Ecosystem Approach
(Provisioning, Regulating,
Cultural Supporting) Slide33
DENR Policy FrameworkSlide34
Missing Elements?!Environmental PolicyInformal Economic Enterprises
Corruption and Fraud
Poverty and lifestyle choices
Access to financial resources
Low Awareness and differing priorities
Low Income Households
Slide35
Contact me … Prof. Hari SrinivasRoom: I-312Tel: 079-565-7406
Email: hari.srinivas@kwansei.ac.jp
Class website:
http://www.gdrc.info/iep