Biology H ow etymology (learning root words) - PowerPoint Presentation

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Biology How etymology (learning root words)can help in understanding biological terms better…

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What Makes Biology So Hard?

Vocabulary – If you knew the prefixes and suffixes, you can tackle the tough words!!!

Have you ever heard of

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

?

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Yes, this is an actual word. What does it mean?

 

It is an obscure term ostensibly referring to a lung disease caused by silica dust, sometimes cited as one of the longest words in the English language.

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What do these terms mean?

Ursus maritimus

Odocoileus virginianus

nocturnal enuresis

borborygmi

.

gustatory rhinitis

horripilation

.

crepitus

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Biology can be filled with words that sometime seem incomprehensible. By "dissecting" these words into discrete units, even the most complex terms can be understood. The following pages are designed to give you the tools needed to understand the most common prefixes and suffixes in

biology

. By using these prefixes and suffixes, even the most difficult words like the one above can be easily understood.

 

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Means - A or An

– Not or withoutExamples – asexual, abiotic

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Anti

Means – Against or opposite Example - Antibiotic

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Aqua -

water

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-

ase meaning – enzymesExample - Lactase

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Auto –

meaning: self Examples - autotroph

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Bacter

– bacteriaExamples: Bacteria

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Bi

Means – two, twice, double Example - biceps

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Bio Means – life Example - biotechnology

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Carcin-

meaning: cancer causingExamples - carcinogen

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Carn

Means – meat or flesh Example - Carnivore

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Cholor-

Means - green Example - chlorophyll

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-

cid(e) Means - kill Example – suicide, pesticide

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Cilia

Means – hair like Example - ciliates

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Co -

Means – together or with Example - coevolution

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Cyt-

Means - cell Example - cytoplasm

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Di -

Means –two Example – diurnal & dichotomous

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Eco

Means – houseExample – ecosystem

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Endo

Means – inner Example - endoderm

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Eu-

Means – true or good Example – eukaryotic cells

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Epi-

Means –above or upon Example - epidermis

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Ex(o)

Means – out or fromExample - exocytosis

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gene

Means – origin or birth Example - biogenesis

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Glyco()

Means – sugar Example - glycogen

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Gluc-

Means – sugar Example - glucose

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Herb

Means – plant Example - herbivore

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Hetero Means – other or different Example - heterosexual

Mr. & Mrs. Forman July 2004

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Hibern –

Means – Sleep Example - Hibernate

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Homo or Homeo

Means – same Example - homocercal

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Hyper-

Means – above, greater than normal Example – hypertension

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Hydr

Means – water Example - hydrology

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Hypo-

Means – below or less than normal Example - hypotonic

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-ist

Means – person who studies Example - cytologist

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-itis

Means – inflammation Example - arthitis

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Karyo-

Means – cell nucleus Example – prokaryotic cell

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-lys

Means – decompose, split, dissolve Example – analysis or cell lysis

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Macr(o)-

Means – large Example - Macromolecule

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Micro-

Means – small Example – microscope

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Multi-

Means – many Example – multicellular

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ology

Means – study of Example – paleontology

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-phil

Means – love Example – hydophilia or hemophilia

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phob

Means – fear Example – arachnophobia

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photo

Means – light Example – photosynthesis or phototropism

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-phyll

Means –leaf Example – chlorophyll

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-plasm

Means – jelly or formative substance Example -cytoplasm

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-pod

Means – foot Example - arthopod

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Poly-

Means – many Example – polymers usually used in chemistry

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Pseudo-

Means – false Example – pseudopod

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sacchar

Means – sugar Example - polysaccaride

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syn

Means – to put together Example - photosynthesis

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Troph Means – nourishment or one who feeds Example - Autotroph

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-therm

Means – heat Example – endothermic or exothermic

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uni- Means – one or single Example - unicellular

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-

vor- means- devour or eat Examples - carnivore

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Zo/zoa Means – animal Example – protozoa – protist that are animal like - consumer

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Zyg-

Means – union or to form Example - zygote