MAKING IT HAPPEN APPG Tanzania Britain Tanzania Society March 6 th 2018 Antony Ellman Smallholders andor Large Farms 1967 2012 Population statistics Total population ID: 775356
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INTENSIVE PRODUCTION IN TANZANIAN AGRICULTUREMAKING IT HAPPEN
APPG Tanzania Britain Tanzania SocietyMarch 6th, 2018Antony Ellman
Slide2Smallholders and/or Large Farms?
1967
2012
Population statistics
Total population
Growth
rate pa (%)
Rural/urban (%)
Female headed households (%)
12 million
3.1%
90/10
20%
45 million
2.7%
67/33
33%
Land
use
Total area (ha)
Cultivated area (%)
Irrigated area (%)
Forested area (%)
94 million
18%
0.3%
50%
94 million
23%
0.5%
36%
Farm size
Overall
average (ha)
Farms below 5ha (%)
Farms 5-100ha (%)
Large scale land acquisitions (ha)
3.2
93%
7%
-
2.4
91%
8.5%
250,000
Slide3Medium-large commercial
< 5%Small-scale commercial 5-10% STEP UP! Potential small-scale commercial30 - 40% HANG INSubsistence farmers30 - 50%STEP OUT?Landless households5 - 10%
DFID Conceptual Framework on Agriculture
Slide4Condition 1: Land Rights
Essentials:
Secure tenure
Full utilisation
Sustainable use
Land Categories:
Land category
% of total
Governed by
Village land
70%
Village Land Act 1999
Reserve land
25%
Forest Act 2002
Wildlife Conservation Act 2009
General land
5%
Land Act 1999
Land Policies:
Land Policy 1995:
recognises Customary Rights but inadequately protected
allows leases to large scale commercial
investors
Draft Land Policy 2016:
aims to prevent land grabs, ensure sustainable use, and protect rights of marginalised groups (women, pastoralists, hunters)
Slide5Condition 2: Choice of Production Enterprise
Essentials:
High yielding varieties/strains
Quick maturing crops/livestock
Labour intensive production
Drought tolerance
Pest and disease resistance
High demand, high value
Opportunities for value addition
Examples:
Food products
Marketable commodities
Hybrid maize, rice
Sorghum, millets
Cassava, bananas
Potatoes, yams
Legume crops
Fruits and vegetables
Oilseeds
Poultry and dairy products
Coffee, tea, cocoa, cashew
Cotton, sisal, tobacco, pyrethrum
Export horticulture
Flowers and flower seeds
Oilseeds
Forest products, spices
Organic and fair-traded products
Medicinal plants
Slide6Artemisia Annua – antimalarial plant
5 months from planting
Seedling nursery
Slide7Condition 3: Choice of Production Technology
Essentials:
Labour intensity
Land intensity
Manageability
Affordability/economic viability
Environmental sustainability
(protecting soils, water, forests)
Conservation Agriculture - 3 Pillars:
Minimum or zero tillage
Permanent soil cover
Crop diversification
Slide8Soil management 1964
Broad-based terraces in wheat fields, Karatu District, 1964
President
Nyerere, Vice President Kawawa and Antony, 1964
Slide9Soil management 2014
Broad-based terraces stand the test of time
Slide10Conservation Agriculture 2018
Ox-Drawn Injection Planter
Hand-pushed Jab Planter
Slide11Condition 4: Smallholder Support Services
Agricultural research:
Adaptive
On farm and on station
Farmer participation
Extension and training:
Farmer field schools
Product linked
Access to finance:
Sources, terms
Security, group liability
Access to markets:
Transport and road infrastructure
Storage
Market information
Slide12Objective:To overcome diseconomies of small scale Input supply Equipment use Farmer Training Credit provision Storage and marketsOptions:Co-operatives (inputs, credit, marketing)Producer groupsContract farming arrangements
Condition 5: Farmer Organisations
CONCLUSION
Raising productivity on smallholder (as well
as large)
farms is
both feasible and necessary for sustainable development, but it requires –
Secure land tenure
Appropriate enterprise choice
Sustainable production technology
Essential support services
Effective farmer organisation
If all of these are in place, the future is bright!
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