Page 976 981 Timeline 1945 Yalta Conference US drops atomic bombs on Japan 1947 Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan 1949 NATO formed 1950 Korean War starts ends in 1953 1955 Warsaw Pact ID: 700086
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Slide1
War in Vietnam
Chapter 13 / Section 3
Page 976 - 981Slide2Slide3
Timeline
1945: Yalta Conference / US drops atomic bombs on Japan
1947: Truman Doctrine / Marshall Plan
1949: NATO formed
1950: Korean War starts (ends in 1953)
1955: Warsaw Pact1957: USSR launches Sputnik II in to Orbit with Laika1961: Berlin Wall goes up1962: Cuban Missile Crisis1963: JFK Assassinated1965: US sends troops to Vietnam1968: Soviets invade Czechoslovakia1969: US Neil Armstrong land on the moon1980: US beats Russia in the Miracle On IceSlide4Slide5Slide6
Background
under French colonial rule since the late 1880s
Invaded by Japan in WWII for its resources…occupied
Vietnamese wanted to be independent
Political leader emerged: Ho Chi MinhSlide7
Ho Chi Minh
Worked on a French steamship…visited many countries
Developed in to a political organizer…wanted better rights for Vietnamese people
Was inspired by Lenin Revolution and Communist ideals
Joined French Communist Party
Started the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930Trained in USSRSlide8
Opportunity
1940, Germany defeats France in WWII
(remember France was in control of Indochina)
HCM starts a nationalist movement
Get our country back! With communist structure!
Starts the Viet Minh…League for Vietnamese Independence4 years…gaining support, growing militant forces1945 – HCM declares Vietnam independentSlide9
After wwII
Japan is defeated by the Allies
Japan withdraws from Vietnam
Leaves control to French educated
Bao
Dai (Emperor)Vietnamese want an independent countryFrance wants their colonial rule back= ConflictSlide10
West Inspired: Emperor
Bao
Dai (South
)
City: Saigon
Supported by France
USA backed their efforts
Communist: Ho Chi Minh (North
)
City: Hanoi
Supported by Communist
Supported the Viet Cong
Guerilla warfare
Slide11
War begins
Viet Minh (Communists) and Viet Cong (soldiers in the south that supported HCM) began fighting the French together
French doubted they would continue to succeed
Cost wasn’t worth it: lives lost and money to sustain
So they surrendered in 1954 to HCM
The US feared the domino theory…Slide12
Domino theory
President Eisenhower feared other Southeast Asia nations would fall to communism
This shaped the US foreign policy during the Cold War era
After France was defeated…1954…international peace conference in Geneva led to dividing Vietnam at 17
deg
north latitude…called the 17th ParallelSlide13Slide14
US Involvement
VietCong
(northern trained soldiers that stay in the south)
Assassinate the southern dictator (Diem)
This scares the US…thinking a takeover is going to happen
1964, a US boat is attacked…causing LBJ to send troops to prevent the spread of communism185,000 in 1965 to 500,000 in 1968Slide15
The war
US was not successful on the ground:
Difficult terrain / jungle
Guerilla warfare
US turned to air attacks: Operation Rolling Thunder
My Lai massacre…nearly 500 innocent killed1969…President Nixon began VietnamizationProtests / limited support from homeAll were removed by 1973. Slide16Slide17Slide18
results
South Vietnam is overrun by North Vietnam
Capital of Saigon is renamed to Ho Chi Minh City
1.5 million people fled Vietnam
1976: unified as Socialist Republic of Vietnam
US normalized relations with Vietnam in 1995Slide19
stats
58,000 US soldiers killed, average age was 22
Some as young as 16, oldest was in 60s
Over 100,000 wounded
Nearly 12,000 that were killed younger than 20
Nearly 1,700 soldiers still unaccounted for / missingSlide20
stats
2 million Vietnamese killed, 3 million wounded
12 million refugees
Cost the US $120 billion in 8 years…caused inflation
Psychologically: soldiers faced negative reactions
Agent Orange (toxic herbicide)Domino theory was correct: prevented Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and ThailandSlide21Slide22
media
House of the Rising Sun
All Along the Watchtower
Gimme
Shelter
Fortunate SonSittin On the Dock of the BayWe Gotta Get Out of This PlaceWhat’s Going OnWar
From Forrest Gump
Over 100s of films
Ken Burns, Vietnam on PBSSlide23
media
The Living Room War / 1
st
Television War
Media blamed for growing negative view/support of war
Supplying too much information to VietnamWalter Cronkite, from CBS: “mired in stalemate”President LBJ: “If I’ve lost Cronkite, I’ve lost Middle America”Slide24
today
Trade embargo and diplomatic ties cut after the war ended
During the early 80s, the US made efforts to recover soldiers that were unaccounted for
In 2000, President Clinton visited Vietnam, first US state to do so since 1975
Efforts to remove mines and undetonated ordnance
Vietnam reported nearly 40,000 people died afterwards from this14% of Vietnam’s land was contaminated by Agent OrangeSlide25
Essential question
What was the Domino Theory and what impact did it have on shaping US foreign policy during the Cold War era?Slide26
Follow up
What European nation had colonized Vietnam?
When was Vietnam divided into two nations?
Communist USSR backed who during the war?
Communist US backed who during the war?
Why did the US back the South Vietnamese?Slide27
Follow up
What Viet Cong tactics made it difficult for US troops?
What popular invention brought the war in to America’s living rooms
?
What was significant about the television during Vietnam?
How did the war end?In what year did North and South Vietnam unite?