Division Key Definitions Chromosome A strand of DNA DNA deoxyribonucleic acid Carries genetic information Gene A short section of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a particular characteristic ID: 1043912
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1. BiologyChapter 2: Cell DivisionKey DefinitionsChromosome: A strand of DNADNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Carries genetic informationGene: A short section of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a particular characteristic.Cell CycleThe three-staged process of cell division in a body cell that involved mitosis and results in the formation of two identical daughter cells.Stem cellsThese are undifferentiated cells with the potential to form a wide variety of different cell types. There are two main types:Adult stem cells (animals): stem cells that are found in adults (e.g. bone marrow) that can differentiate and form a limited number of cells.Embryonic stem cells (animals): stem cells from an early embryo that can differentiate to for the specialised cells of the body.Meristems (plants): undifferentiated cells found in the root and shoots of plants.Use of plant stem cellsCloning – plants can be cloned on a large scale to sell and rare species of plant can be saved from extinction.Use of animal stem cellsTreatment of …Spinal cord injuriesDiabetesEyesight for the blindDamage to bone and cartilage Therapeutic CloningAn embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient.Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body so they may be used for medical treatment.There are potential risks of using stem cells such as transfer of viral infections. There are also ethical and religious objections to using embryonic stem cells. Cell Cycle