Describe the prevalence of drug and alcohol use individually and in combination as well as polydrug impairment Define polydrug impairment Articulate possible effects of polydrug impairment related to indicators of alcohol and drugs ID: 1035679
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1. Session 7The Effects of Drug Combinations
2. Describe the prevalence of drug and alcohol use (individually and in combination) as well as polydrug impairmentDefine polydrug impairmentArticulate possible effects of polydrug impairment related to indicators of alcohol and drugsLearning Objectives7-2
3. Prevalence of Drug Combinations7-3
4. PolydrugBeing under the combined influence of two or more different drugs7-4
5. Null EffectOverlapping EffectAdditive EffectAntagonistic EffectPotential Effects of Polydrug Use7-5
6. If neither drug affects some particular indicator of impairment, their combination also will not affect that behavior.Null Effect7-6NothingNothingNothing+=
7. Narcotic Analgesic Typically cause:HGN - NoneVGN - NoneLOC - NoneNull Effect ExamplesCNS Stimulant Typically cause:HGN - NoneVGN - NoneLOC - None7-7
8. If one drug affects some particular indicator of impairment and another does not, their combination also will affect that behavior.Overlapping Effect7-8Action NothingAction+=
9. Narcotic Analgesic Typically cause:HGN - NoneVGN - NoneLOC - NonePupil Size - ConstrictedOverlapping Effect ExamplesCNS Depressant Typically cause:HGN - PresentVGN - Possibly PresentLOC - PresentPupil Size - Normal7-9
10. HGN - PresentVGN - Possibly PresentLOC - Present Pupil Size - ConstrictedLikely Effects of the Combination 7-10Action NothingAction+=
11. If both drugs affect some particular indicator of impairment, their combination also will affect that behavior.Additive Effect7-11Action Action+=Greater Action
12. AlcoholTypically cause:HGN - PresentVGN - Possibly presentLOC - PresentPupil Size - NormalAdditive Effect ExamplesCNS Depressant Typically cause:HGN - PresentVGN - Possibly PresentLOC - PresentPupil Size - Normal7-12
13. When two drugs affect some indicator in opposite ways, their combined effect will be unpredictable.Effects will be dependent on which drug is more dominant in the system at any given time.Antagonistic Effect7-13Action UnpredictableOpposite Action+=
14. CNS StimulantTypically cause:HGN - NoneVGN - NoneLOC - NonePupil Size - DilatedAntagonistic Effect ExamplesNarcotic AnalgesicTypically cause:HGN - NoneVGN - NoneLOC - NonePupil Size - Constricted7-14
15. Combination Dissociative Anesthetic and Narcotic Analgesic 7-15Impairment IndicatorsEffect due to Dissociative AnestheticEffect due to Narcotic AnalgesicType of Combined Effect Expected ResultsHGN PresentNoneOverlappingPresentVGNPresentNoneOverlappingPresentLOCPresentNoneOverlappingPresentPupil sizeNormalConstrictedOverlappingConstricted
16. Combination Cannabis and Stimulant 7-16***May be normalImpairment IndicatorsEffect due to CannabisEffect due to StimulantType of Combined Effect Expected ResultsHGN NoneNoneNullNoneVGNNoneNoneNullNoneLOCPresentNoneOverlappingPresentPupil sizeDilated***DilatedAdditiveDilated
17. The actual effects can depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to: Dose levelsTime of administrationAn individual’s metabolism Drug Combination Factors7-17
18. Questions?7-18