NATURE program 2016 Image source httpgivebrighamandwomensorgpagesstemcellresearch Session Outline Introduction and cultural connection Stem cell discussion Animal human stem cells ID: 1042368
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1. STEM CELLSSummer Science Academy NATURE program2016Image source: http://give.brighamandwomens.org/pages/stem-cell-research
2. Session Outline: Introduction and cultural connection Stem cell discussion Animal (human stem cells) Activity 1: research answers to stem cell questions5. Stem cell discussion: plants6. Activity 2: Culture your own stem cells7. Activity 3: Virtual lab8. Activity 4: Create your own video
3. WHAT ARE STEM CELLS? Click arrow to start video
4. Stem Cells and Cultural TraditionsImage source: http://healthyfoodsecret.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Native-American-Medicine.jpgImage source: http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/hypertension_overview_slideshow/photolibrary_rf_photo_of_doctor_with_medicine.jpgIf you become ill and require stem cell transplants, here is a fact: CULTURE MATTERSHow do modern medicine and cultural beliefs come to terms with each other?
5. As a physician and traditional medicine person, Donald Warne, MD, MPH, has dedicated his career to resolving these issues. He synthesizes his medical training with his cultural knowledge. As a member of the Oglala Lakota tribe, he brings wisdom to science and science to culture. He understands the rituals of healing as well as the rigors of medical discipline and he respects ancient Native knowledge as well as cutting edge science. He honors the past and knows that the future is what counts.
6. His thoughts on integrating traditional values with modern medicine:Click arrow to start video
7. Stem Cell Discussion
8. What is a Stem Cell?Cells capable of becoming any type of cell in that organism and then making more of those cellsThey are the first cells produced to form the animal or plantCan differentiate (change into) to all of the various types of cells, such as nerves, muscles, bones, blood, skin, stems, leaves, roots, et alWe need stem cells to replace cells that die or become damaged, such as blood cells that live for only 3 months, skin cells that are always being sloughed off, cuts, broken bones, and damaged cells that could be in the lungs or heart
9. Image source: http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photos-nuts-bolts-washers-image17521563 Image source: http://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/49764/zinc-is-fourth-most-used-metal-asx-zinc-plays-49764.html Stem cells differentiate into specialized cells, just like a chunk of raw metal differentiates into specialized tools, such as nuts and bolts.
10. Image source: http://s.hswstatic.com/gif/stem-cell-possibilities.gif Most specialized cells cannot make copies of themselves. Stem cells solve this problem by making new specialized cells.
11. What Do Stem Cells do for Humans?Make copies of themselves to insure you don’t run out of them, or you become very illIn medicine, stem cells are used to replace defective or damaged cells caused by disease and impairment, such as Parkinson disease, heart disease, and diabetesCan be used in place of organ transplants, instead of donor organs, which are hard to findThere are two major types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells
12. Embryonic stem cells taken from a blastocyst can differentiate into all of the different types of cells in your body Adult (somatic) stem cells make only a few specific types of cells from the bone marrow, muscle, skin, and brain; are more specific and can only make the type of cell that they are – they do not differentiate. Example: skin cells can only produce other skin cells, blood only blood, nervous only other nerves, etc.
13. What is a blastocyst?Image source: http://leavingbio.net/HUMAN%20REPRODUCTION-WEB_files/image020.gifFertilized egg becomes a blastocyst at ~5 daysStem cells develop within the inner cell mass (iCM)
14. Image source: http://www.impactaging.com/papers/v3/n5/full/100328.htmlImage source: http://biotechlearn.org.nz/themes/biotech_therapies/images/adult_stem_cellsEmbryonic stem cells vs. Adult stem cellsGive rise to all cell types Give rise only to specific cells
15. Do we have to use embryotic stem cells?There is a lot of controversy regarding the use of embryos, therefore scientists are trying to find ways to differentiate adult stem cellsThey have found a way to modify any cell from an adult (most commonly skin or blood) to make it behave like an embryonic stem cell. These are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS’s)IPS cells are pluripotent, which means that they have the ability to differentiate into all adult cell types.
16. There are four distinct terms used to identify stem cell processes:Totipotent: immature stem cell that differentiates into all other cell types, umbilical cord, and placentaPluripotent: stem cell that differentiates into all cell types, but not an umbilical cord or placentaUnipotent: Only give rise to that specific cell; ex. Skin only gives rise to skin (one type)Multipotent: stem cell that gives rise to limited types of cells; blood – all types of blood related cells (more than one type); nerves – all types of nerve cells (more than one type)
17. Image source: http://o.quizlet.com/3FyKnfTUC3RvKu6idfP8DQ_m.png
18. Click arrow to start video
19. ACTIVTY 1: Internet search of termsHandout activity 1Students in groups of threeUse the internet and each other to answer the questionsTo be completed in one hourClassroom discussion 10 minutes
20. Pause for activity 1
21. Plants have their share of contributions to stem cell researchAll tissues of the plant descend from small groups of stem cells located in their growing apices, within structures called the apical meristemsLike human stem cells, they have the ability to self-renew and replace specific plant cells in need of repairPlants renew by forming clones, (genetically identical groups of cells derived from the same progenitor)Like embryonic animal stem cells, plant stem cells are totipotent, meaning that they have the capacity to develop into any organ of the plant (leaf, flower, …) Versatile, only one cell is enough to regenerate an entire plant
22. Image source: https://zonecdn-futurederm.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/FUTUREDERM-Plant-Stem-Cells.png?b1144b
23. Plant stem cells are easy to grow by placing a small piece of the plant structure on a good nutrient sourceWithin a couple of weeks, the small sample of plant will produce stem cells, called a callusOnce the callus develops, you can actually watch stem cells grow into all of the types of cells needed to create an entire new plant
24. Cultivating new plants (clones) from stem cells Click arrow to start video
25. ACTIVITY 2: Culturing Stem CellsWatch instructional video
26. LUNCH: 30 minutesPause PowerPoint
27. ACTIVITY 2: Culturing Stem Cells (practical)Hand out lab exerciseFollow instructions on handout, recalling what you saw in the previous demonstration videoSeal plates to take home and watch as your stem cells appear and a cauliflower plant emerges!You have 25 minutes to complete this activity
28. Pause for activity 2
29. ACTIVITY 3: Virtual labHandout for activity 3Get in groups of threeGo into the virtual lab on your handout and follow the instructionsYou have 30 minutes to review the three labs
30. Pause for activity 3
31. ACTIVITY 4: Create video Handout with instructions for activity 4Stay in your groups for this activityYou will have 1 hour and 15 minutes to complete the assignment
32. Pause for activity 4
33. Present videos
34. Wrap-up:
35. Future of stem cells:We learned that stem cells are used to regenerate damaged cells but they have other functions as wellStem cells can be cultured in labs to develop medicines rather than using animals or other sourcesUsing lab cultures, scientists can learn more about how stem cells work Allow scientists to study DNA repair using stem cells to prevent birth defectsCan be used in agriculture to grow plants
36. The future is vast and promising!Image source: http://stemcells.nih.gov/StaticResources/info/scireport/images/1_3.jpg
37. Slide 3: Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPulEAryPO0Slide 5: Internet Source: http://www.kittyfarmer.com/donald.htmlSlide 6: Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uCDXs0Rtqn8Slide 8-9: Internet source: http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/stem-cells.htmlSlide 18: Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uUH5YI5dTOgSlide 21: Internet source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24755933 Internet source: http://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(05)00809- 3?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867405008093%3Fshowall%3DtrueSlide 23: Internet source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/genetic/cloning1.htmSlide 24: Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkvGyxP849kSlide 25: Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEbGnJnVuLIREFERENCES: