LIVING THE REVOLUTION: - PowerPoint Presentation

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LIVING THE REVOLUTION:CITY AND COUNTRYSIDE

HI 168: Lecture 12Dr. Howard ChiangSlide2

OVERVIEW

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

Mass Political Campaigns

A. Suppressing Counter-Revolutionaries

B. Three-Anti Campaign

C. Five-Anti Campaign

Constitution of 1954

Building a Planned Economy:

A. The First Five Year Plan

B. Land Reform C. CollectivizationSlide3

CPPCC

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference: September 21-30, 1949

Common Program: 1

st statement of national policy under the new CCP govt.

2 Organic Laws: National and Standing Committee & the People’s Government

Common Program:

60 clauses

http://

www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1949-ccp-program.html

Mao, “On the Dictatorship of People’s Democracy” (Jun 30) – lean to one sideSlide4

http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XIyb1NMZaQ

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Mass Political Campaigns

3 most important political campaigns that were launched to control and win over the urban population:

1. Movement for the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries

2. Three-Anti Campaign

3. Five-Anti CampaignSlide7

COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES

Counter-revolutionaries:

leading members of the GMD and senior officers of its army as well as the highest ranking police officers and secret agents who had worked for the former regime

Jan-Oct 1950: 13,812 arrests

Eliminate Counter-Revolutionary ElementsSlide8

COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARIES

“Regulations on the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries”

Also targeted leaders of traditional Buddhist and

Daoist secret societies

Mass meetings

500,000 to 800,000 deaths (Mao, 1957)

Suicides – difficult to assessSlide9

THREE-ANTI CAMPAIGN

Corruption, waste, and the culture of bureaucracy

Trial basis in Northeast by

Gao Gang

Similar to the earlier New Life Movement under GMD, but targeted govt. officials

“mass struggle movement”

Individuals singled out, humiliated, and denounced

Served as a template for future mass campaignsSlide10

FIVE-ANTI CAMPAIGN

Jan 1952: bribery, tax evasion, fraud, theft of government property, and the leakage of state secrets

directed at “national bourgeoisie” (industrialist & traders)

allow activists in workers’ organizations to examine employer’s finances

Outcome: the Party gained understanding about the workings of private sector in towns & citiesSlide11
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1954 CONSTITUTION

Adopted by

National People’s Congress on September 20, 1954

Standing Committee

Chairman of the PRC

State Council

Local people’s congresses

National flag & national emblem

Democratic?Slide13
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FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN

Industrial developments had been patchy – Northeast (Jap. Occupation)

“Decisions on the Unification of the Nation’s Financial and Economic Work”: centralize finance and taxation accompanied by restrictions on the circulation of foreign currency

1952: State of Statistical Bureau & State Planning Commission

expand industry; rid of private sectorSlide15

LAND REFORM

Policy of confiscating land from the landowning classes and redistributing it to the poorest peasants

History:

- Jiangxi Soviet period (1929-35)

- United Front (1937-45) – relaxed

- Civil War (1945-49) – harsher

By 1949, CCP already quite experiencedSlide16

LAND REFORM

1950 Agrarian Reform Law:

“land ownership system…should be abolished and the system of peasant landownership should be introduced”

Criteria for classifying were complex

Work Teams: 3-30 people

1. collecting taxes

2. peasant associations – “speaking bitterness” meetings

a

new elite of village cadres emergedSlide17

COLLECTIVIZATION

Or cooperation began in 1952

1952-55: Mutual Aid Teams

1955: Agricultural Producers’ Cooperatives (APCs) – 30-40 families1956-58: High Agricultural Producers’ Cooperatives (HPCs) – 100-300 families

What did collectivization mean for the families involved?