Rise Of Major Belief Systems Fall of Classic Civilizations Classical Period ends with decline of urban areas Why Devastating plagues Invasions Decline of Ag Production Political amp economic decentralization ID: 674571
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Slide1
Post-Classical Period600-1450Slide2
Rise
OfMajor Belief
Systems
Fall of Classic
CivilizationsSlide3
Classical Period ends with decline of urban areas. Why?
Devastating plaguesInvasionsDecline of Ag. Production
Political & economic decentralizationSlide4
Urban Revival during Post- Classical Age. Why?
End of invasionsAvailability of safe/reliable transport
Rise of commerce and warmer temps. between 800-1300Increased ag. production = rising pop.Great availability of laborSlide5
BuddhismChristianityIslam
Spread of ReligionsSlide6
Why successfully spread?
Emphasized spiritual lifeStressed importance of divine powersEmphasized internal devotion
Offers hope through afterlife
Helped those in need (poor, hungry, oppressed)Slide7Slide8
ChristianityMoved Westward
Church OrganizationStressed Nature of TruthHistory in a line:
Eternal life at endIntolerant of other beliefsSlide9Slide10
Buddhism
Moved EastStressed Individual ExperienceStressed source of human suffering
History is a circleRelease from the circleCoexist with other beliefsSlide11Slide12
Similarities
Missionary ActivityCoincided with Fall of EmpiresMet with some resistance
Grew out of earlier faith traditionsSlide13
The Spread of IslamSlide14
Origins of Islam
Why was the Arabian Peninsula both a likely and unlikely
place to start a religion???Slide15
Geography – desert
People – Bedouins
TribalNo unity
Strategic location
Unlikely
Likely
Located bwn 3 continents & major waterwaysSlide16
Changes during Late Classical Period
Towns and Cities emerge
*
*
*
*Slide17
Prominent role of Arab MerchantsSlide18
Growth of Arabic languageSlide19
Materialistic culture emerges
Literacy and Education increasesSlide20
Fall of RomeSlide21
Islam as a “Unifier”
Distinctly ArabicEnded feuding tribesSource of Authority
Equality and a moral codeTrade and profit makingSlide22
Islamic Expansion
Why conquest?
*Unity gave confidence
*Valuable lands/trade/money
First Commanded by Muhammad
Followed by the first Caliphs
*Drought in Arabia
*Seek ConvertsSlide23
Why was it successful?Quick, Agile Army
Weak Surrounding EmpiresTaxing policies insured loyalty and revenueSlide24
Umayyad Dynasty661-750
Capital moved to DamascusFavoritism toward Arabs
Second wave of conquest/expansion: W. India to Spain
Caliph = religious leader; family = advisorsSlide25
Capital = BaghdadTolerance towards non-Arabs
Consolidated EmpireCaliph = Absolute ruler; Vizier headed complex bureaucracyGlobal Network of Trade; Baghdad = major trade city
Baghdad = center of Islamic Golden Age
Abbasids Dynasty750-945Slide26Slide27
Islam
Arab
Succession Issues
CorruptionSlide28
Goals
Toleration Record
Expansion and Conquest, reap rewards
Expand trade, unify under Islam, culture
Favoritism toward Arabs..Resentment, revolts
Tolerant of Non-Arabs, Intermarriage, Recruited in Army
Capital
Damascus-central location
Baghdad-located along key trade/water routes
Political Structure
Caliph as religious leader. Family as advisors
Caliph as absolute ruler. Complex bureaucracy led by Vizier
Using Islam as a unifier and a military to expand, the Arabs built a strong empire where trade and a general toleration was valuedSlide29
Islamic Merchants
West Africa
Gold, Salt and
Slaves
East AfricaIvory and Gold
East Asia
Silk
India/SE Asia
Spices
Slide30
Problems within the Empire
1. Issues of Succession
*After the death of Muhammad
*Rightful heir?Slide31
Division Emerges
Sunnis
ForwardMajorityAnyone can assume role of caliph
Shi’is (Shiite)
Fundamentalists
MinorityClaim to be direct descendants to Muhammad-Only they can be caliphSlide32
2. Empire grew too big
Rebellious governorsRuling a diverse peopleEnd of Arabian dominanceSlide33
RESULTS:
By 1000 Abbasids were crumblingOther cultural influences takeover ArabsPersians, Turks, Mongols
Arabian Political Dominance
Islamic Cultural DynamismSlide34
Islamic Contributions
Art, Science and LiteratureArchitectureUrbanized Empire
Global Network of Trade Slide35
Complete the following AnalogyWhat the birth and growth of
Islam (Idea) did for the Arabs (people)…_____________________ (Idea) did for the__________________(people) because they both____________________________________
____________________________________