the art of persuasion 1 The art of speaking or writing effectively 2 Writing speaking or communicating as a means of persuasion RHETORIC What is it Where do we see rhetoric in society today ID: 276706
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Slide1
RHETORIC
“the art of
persuasion”Slide2
1. The art of speaking or writing
effectively2 . Writing, speaking or communicating as a means of persuasion.
RHETORIC: What is it?Slide3
Where do we see rhetoric in society today?Slide4
Speeches
Advertisements
Films
Media
Conversation
The classroomSlide5
Rhetoric
originated in Ancient Greece, where political leaders would use their public speaking abilities to persuade people for political decisions.Rhetoric was also used to spread new ideas and philosophies during this time.The ancient Greeks referred to it as “the art of persuasion,” and created a discipline so it can be studied.Slide6
Divided rhetoric into three essential components:
Logos, Pathos and Ethos.
Aristotle (384-322 BC)Slide7
How the
character and credibility of a speaker will influence an audience.Example: Listening to a speech by a top NASA scientist on climate change, rather than a first year university student.
ETHOSSlide8
Speaker must also be impartial (
not biased) or else they lose credibility. i.e. Having an oil company appoint a scientist to lecture against on climate change would constitute a bias.Slide9
BIAS
: having a slanted or distorted point of view; having a subjective point of view as opposed to an objective oneSUBJECTIVE: based on one’s opinions and feelings
OBJECTIVE: based on fact, NOT influenced by personal feelingsSlide10
WOULD YOU BUY A USED CAR FROM THIS MAN?Slide11
Which Second World War politician is more credible?
Which politician would you trust more?Slide12Slide13
What subjects would Stephen Hawking be a credible speaker?
What subject might he not be so credible?Slide14
Based on reputation – which pretty, little liar is most trustworthy?Slide15
Is Lebron James a credible
spokesperson for Nike basketball products? WHY?
Is he a credible spokesperson for all products?Which products would you NOT buyeven if Lebron recommended them?Slide16
Have you seen Katy Perry’s “ProActiv
ads?
Is she a credible spokesperson?Slide17
Why did many companies
ditch Tiger Woods as a spokespersonfor their products?
Why is Tiger recommending “YOU” buy this brand of watch?Is it because he knows a lot about watch construction?OR is it because . . . . . . . . . . . . He is paid.Slide18
The use of
emotional appeals to alter the audience’s judgement.This can be done through a variety of means; however, the intention is to evoke strong emotional responses from the audience.Examples: Story telling, quotes, personal references, rhetorical devices (metaphor, similes).
PATHOSSlide19Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23
Terry
Fox was diagnosed with bone cancer at the age of 18 and lost his right leg below the knee. He made up his mind to run to raise money for cancer research, and calling his challenge the Marathon of Hope, he managed to run 26 miles a day for 143 days, from St. John's Newfoundland to Thunder Bay, Ontario - with an artificial leg. His spirit captured the country. He began on April 12, 1980 in St. John's Newfoundland, and after 5,373 kilometres (3,339 miles) his cancer
reappeared, and he was forced to stop near Thunder Bay. He passed away on June 28, 1981 just a month before his 23rd birthday, but his spirit has carried on. Slide24Slide25Slide26
Using
reasoning or logic to construct an argument.Examples: Using math or statistics to persuade the audience.“Our product is 50% more effective than our competitors.”“Contains 33% less fat.”
LOGOSSlide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31
Can also involve the use of hypothetical
situations or anecdotes.A friend of yours says he will never wear a seatbelt again. He explains that an acquaintance of his survived a car accident because she wasn't wearing a seat belt. The acquaintance flew through the windscreen, landed on a grassy bank and suffered minor injuries. Meanwhile the car burst into flames and was destroyed.Slide32
Often, advertisements use testimonials to sell products. A testimonial is a personal anecdote in which a person recounts his or her success with a product.
Her story is intended to make you believe that your experience will be similar.Slide33
THE TEST
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING AS EXAMPLES OF
- ETHOS
- PATHOS
- LOGOSSlide34Slide35
PATHOSSlide36Slide37
LOGOSSlide38Slide39
ETHOS
Advertisements that use sex appeal and
misassociation also employ to a lesser extent, pathos.Slide40Slide41
PATHOS
LOGOSSlide42Slide43
LOGOS
& PATHOSSlide44Slide45
LOGOSSlide46Slide47
LOGOS
PATHOS and ETHOS: Look at the picture that has been chosen.Slide48
Let's say a friend of yours claims that a particular brand of inexpensive shower cleaner is really good. Your friend explains that he simply sprayed it on the tiles, left it for 10 minutes, and when he came back the tiles were spotless - without him having scrubbed or done anything else! This anecdotal evidence is enough of a recommendation for you. You buy some and use it, thus testing the evidence for yourself.Slide49
ETHOS:
Is this a friend you trust and would believe?LOGOS: The speaker is relaying a personal experience.Slide50Slide51
ETHOSSlide52Slide53
PATHOSSlide54Slide55
ETHOS
&
PATHOSSlide56Slide57
ETHOS
PATHOSSlide58Slide59
ETHOS
LOGOSSlide60Slide61
PATHOSSlide62Slide63
ETHOS
LOGOSSlide64Slide65
PATHOS
ETHOS:
Do you believe Amnesty International?Slide66Slide67
LOGOS
&
PATHOSSlide68Slide69
LOGOSSlide70Slide71
ETHOSSlide72Slide73
LOGOS
ÐOSSlide74Slide75
PATHOS
&LOGOSEthos – “plain folks,” everyday people are often viewed as more reliable than celebrities.Slide76
The story begins in Indianapolis, Indiana, where Jared S. Fogle who was attending North Central High School, was massively overweight, weighing in at 425 pounds
As a student of Indiana University, Jared roomed with a medic who diagnosed him with oedema.
He began a diet of a 6-inch turkey club sandwich for lunch, and a foot-long veggie sub for dinner. The diet was a success; within three months, Jared had shed almost 100 pounds, and the visible reduction in his size spurred him to begin taking regular exercise. Rather than using transport, Jared began to walk everywhere he could and choosing to take the stairs wherever possible. By the end of the diet, he had lost over 240 pounds.Slide77
ETHOS
LOGOS – anecdotal evidenceSlide78Slide79
ETHOS:
Does Dion appear believable.
PATHOS: This ad preys on the voter’s FEAR of being over taxed.To a lesser extent, LOGOS: The ad implies that one tax (the carbon tax) is the beginning of a pattern.Slide80
PROPAGANDASlide81
Propaganda
: Form of rhetoric where the truth is distorted (exaggerated, or understated),to sway the opinion of a certain audience.
Generally people in a position of authority will tend to use propaganda
. Slide82Slide83
The GERMAN NAZIS during World War II are considered masters of propaganda.Slide84
Yes, he really did
say that :-) Slide85
Sorry, was too funny not to put on;-)Slide86Slide87Slide88Slide89Slide90
Gossip
Gossip and rumours are often based on a “subjective” and one sided understanding of a situation.
The targets of such bullying are often only understood on a superficial level.Sometimes the rumours and gossip people spread about others serve no other purpose than to bully and to hurt.
In many ways, gossip and verbal bullying are not that different from propaganda.Slide91
AP – Two teenage girls have been charged under Florida’s law against cyberbullying after authorities say they created a Facebook account in a classmate’s name and posted a faked nude photograph of her.
Nine teenagers charged over bullying that led to girl's suicideIrish girl killed herself after enduring months of torment by classmates in person and online.
“‘Sexting’ bullying cited in teen’s suicide”13-year-old Hope Witsell hanged herself after topless photos circulatedA 13-year-old girl hanged herself after she fell victim to a cyber-bullying campaign orchestrated by the mother of one of her classmates, who masqueraded online as a "good looking" teenage boy.
16-year-old Gary Hansen, hanged himself in Roblin, Man., after persistent bullying at the local Goose Lake High School.
Slide92
RHETORIC
in your life.Slide93
It is
, therefore,
inevitable that in any relationship, conflict
will arise.
Each person is different
; consequently,
each individual brings different values, interests and goals into a relationshipSlide94
MANY DIFFERENT STRATEGIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR SOLVING CONFLICTSlide95
AVOIDANCE: Run away, hide, sulk,
do nothing
DENIAL: Pretend there is nothing wrong, do nothing.AQUIESE: Give in.
DISCUSS: Talk and try to reach a solution satisfactory to both parties.Slide96
The first three will retain a certain level of chaos.
They often create and maintain stress and typically leave one person unhappy. These conflicts typically resurface.Slide97
DISCUSSION:
If done well, a civilized discussion inevitably leads to a better understanding on the part of the individuals in conflict and a compromise solution often gives both parties a reason to be pleased.Slide98
ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS in discussions with adults -
(parents!)Slide99
ETHOS
The role your reputation plays in convincing your parents.
- How responsible have you been in the past?
- How mature are you in your actions and
choices
?
- Are you a responsible student?
- Are you a good role model for siblings?
- How have you handled freedom and responsibility
the past?Slide100
PATHOS
The emotion you bring when pleading your case.
“ Why can’t I,” she begged, tears running down her cheek.“Please, please
.”
“You’d let me if you really loved me.’Slide101
LOGOS
Do you have strong logical reasons that would lead to a decision in your
favour?
And, “everyone else is doing it” is not a good, logical argument.
Anecdotal evidence indicating personal responsibility.
Facts or statistics.
Strategies that prove you can
problem solve.Slide102
You will be assigned a role and a topic to argue. Then you will need to write, and deliver a
short speech that employs rhetorical devices to convince your audience. Speeches will be around 150 – 200 words and will last between 60 and 90 seconds.
Your AssignmentSlide103
Pathos
: use humour, sarcasm, wit, fear, sadness, guilt, anger, frustration, etc.Ethos: sources of information, reason for selection of topic, experience or expertise, speech deliver (voice, eye contact, body language).Logos: hypothetical situation, metaphors, facts\stats.
How to use rhetoric in your speech.