Small Ruminant Research Inuence of sex slaughter weight and carcass weight o - PDF document

SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247–254 Inuenceofsex,slaughterweightandcarcassweighton“non-carcass”andcarcassqualityinsegurenalambsF.Pe Theeffectsofsex,slaughterweightandcarcassweightoncarcasscharacteristicsandmeatqualitytraitswereevaluatedusing100Segure 1.Introduction Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+34957418738;fax:+34957218667.E-mailaddress:pa1peblf@uco.es(F.Peacteristicsofsheepbreedsandtheinuenceofageandweightatslaughter(Fieldetal.,1990).Crite-riafortheEuropeancarcassclassicationsysteminlambs( F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…2547,7.1–10and10.1–13kg)reectthemarketpriceoflambs.EnvironmentalconditionsinSpainandthecon-sumerpreferencesforlambmeatfavourtheprecocioussheepbreeds,slaughteredatanearlyageof75–90days(19–26kgofliveweight).Thelightcarcass(9–12.5kg)includesclassesBandCoftheEuropeancarcassclassi-cationsystem.TheSegurena,with1,275,000animalsraisedintheSoutheastofSpain,isarustic-typebreed,typicaloftheMediterraneanregionwhichexcelaslightlambs.Theseanimalshaveshortwoolandewesweigh50–65kgatmaturity.ThecarcassweightofSegurelamb,inrelationtotherequirementsofbothproducerandconsumer,andinuenceofsex,wereevaluated.2.MaterialsandmethodsInthisstudy100Segurenalambsweanedat40–50daysofagewerefedacreeprationconsistingof88.3%drymatter,19.2%crudeprotein,2.9%crudefatand5.7%ash,from15days.Afterweaning,thelambswerefedacommercialration,basedonconcentrate(88.2%drymatter,17.5%crudeprotein,3.5%crudefat,8.0%ash)andcerealstraw,untilslaughter.Alllambsslaughteredat19–25kgliveweight,wereclassied(EuropeanUnion,1994)andprocessedac-cordingtothemethodologyofColomer-Rocheretal..Thedigestivecontentsandoffalwereweighed.The“non-carcass”bodycomponentsweregroupedinto“caidos”(head,skinandfeet),“redoffal”(lung,trachea,heart,thymus,liverandspleen),“whiteoffal”(emptydigestivetract)and“fatdepots”(pericardicfat,mesentericfatandomentalfat).Theemptyliveweight(ELW)wasestimatedbysubtractingthedigestivecon-tentfromtheslaughterweight(SW).Hotcarcasseswereweighed(HCW)andgradedforconformation(1:poorto5:excellent),fatness(1:lowto5:veryhigh)andkidneyfatness(1:withoutfatto5:completelycoveredwithgreatthicknessoffat)usingtheEUROPsystemforlightlambs(Colomer-Rocheretal.,1988).Afterchillingat4Cfor24h,carcasseswereagainweighedtodeterminethecold-carcassweight.Theobjectivecarcassconformationmeasurementsandindices,asdescribedbyPalsson(1939)Boccardetal.(1958),wereasfollows:internalcar-casslength(),hindlimblength(),buttockwidth),buttockperimeter(BG),thoracicperimeter(PT),thoracicdepth(Th),carcasscompactness(CCW/L),,Th/,Th//PTandhindlimbcompact-ness(legweight/).Thecarcassesweresplitalongthespineandmeasuredatthecross-sectionofthe13thribformaximumwidth(A)anddepth(B)ofthelongissimusthoracis,subcutaneousfatthickness(C)alongtheprolongedlineofthemeasurementBandoverthem.serratusdorsaliscaudalis(J).Thesub-jectiveevaluationofmeatcolour(1:pale,to5:reddark)form.rectusabdominisSierra,1974)wasbasedonchilledcarcass(24hpost-mortem).At24hpost-mortem,theleftsidewasseparatedintocommercialjoints(shoulder,neck,ribs,loin,leg,breastandtail)anddissectedintomuscle,bone,subcutaneousfat,in-termuscularfatandtissues(Colomer-Rocheretal.,1988;FisheranddeBoer,1994).Atthesametime,themuscle/bone(M/B)andmuscle/fat(M/F)indiceswereThemathematicalmodelfortheanalysisofnon-carcassandcarcassqualityincludedaxedeffectduetosex,bodyweightclass(7–10and10.1–13kg)andresidualerror.DatawereanalysedusingtheStatgraphicfourstatisticalpackageforWindows.Theinteractionwasnotsignicantand,therefore,excluded.3.ResultsThedistributionofthecarcassesaccordingtocar-cassweightandsexispresentedinTable1.ClassBincluded30%oftheslaughteredlambsandtheremain-ing70%wereinclassC.Slaughteredlambsweighingunder20kgweremostlyclassBcarcasses;thoseover22kgwereclassCandthosewith20–22kginbothclasses.Lambsslaughteredatanaverageof79daysweighed21.4kg(Table2).Therewerenosignicanteffectofsexonweightatslaughter,nevertheless,fe-malestook6dayslongertoreachslaughterweight.Therewerenosignicanteffectofsexonslaughterweight,emptyliveweightandhotcarcassweight,butweightclassBandCweredifferent(0.05).Theav-eragedressingpercentage,48%(CCW/SW)and55%(HCW/ELW),wasgreaterinfemalesthanmalesandtherewasasignicantandpositiveeffectofslaughterweight.Thenon-carcasscomponentswere35%oftheemptybodyweight.Withincreasedcarcassweight,thenon-carcasscomponents/ELWdecreasedsignicantly.Thereweresignicanteffectsofsexonthenon-carcass F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…254Table1CarcassesdistributioninSegurenalightlambs Slaughterweight(kg)Carcassclass 8.1–9kg9.1–10kg10.1–11kg11.1–12kg12.1–13kg MFMFMFMFMF 19.0–20244220.1–21875321.1–222365122.1–23963523.1–2443461313Carcassdistribution(%)22843234 M,male;F,female.The“caidos”were35%oftheemptyliveweight,followedby“whiteoffals”(9%),“redoffals”(6%)andlastlythe“fatdeposits”(3%).Thesepercent-agesincreasedwithcarcassweight(17.0%versus16.7%;9.9%versus9%;6.0%versus5.6%;2.7%versus2.9%).Thepercentagesof“caidos”,redof-falsandwhiteoffalsweregreaterinmales,whilefatdepositsweregreaterinfemales.Ingeneral,bothclassesofcarcassmeetSpanishmarketrequirementsofmedium–highconformation,medium–lowfatnessandTable2Mean(S.E.)forweightclassandsexofdressingpercentage,non-carcasscharacteristicsandcarcasssubjectiveevaluationofSegurenalight TraitMeanCarcassclassSex B(8.1–10kg)C(10.1–13kg)FemalesMales Age(day)79177.42.1680.91.5482.01.9776.2SW(kg)21420.40.2122.40.1521.30.1921.6ELW(kg)19118.30.1819.90.1319.00.1619.2HCW(kg)1059.90.0911.10.0610.40.0810.5HCW/SW(%)4948.30.3349.50.2349.00.3048.8HCW/ELW(%)5554.10.3255.60.2455.10.2954.5HCW/SW(%)4847.10.3248.40.2347.90.2947.5CCW/ELW(%)5352.70.3154.30.2253.80.0453.2Nc/ELW(%)3535.40.3034.20.2034.30.3035.3Caidos/ELW(%)1717.00.2016.70.1016.50.2917.2Caidos/Nc(%)4848.10.4048.70.3048.20.3048.7Redoffals/ELW(%)65.80.105.60.105.60.095.9Redoffals/Nc(%)1616.40.3016.50.2016.30.3016.6Whiteoffals/ELW(%)99.90.209.00.109.10.299.9Whiteoffals/Nc(%)2727.80.2026.40.3026.40.3027.8Fatdepots/ELW(%)32.70.392.90.103.10.092.4Fatdepots/Nc(%)87.70.308.40.209.20.296.9CC232.20.072.50.052.40.072.3CF262.50.062.70.042.80.052.4KF262.60.062.70.042.90.052.3Meatcolour131.30.061.40.041.40.061.3 :a,bmeanswithinarowwithinweightclassorsex,notfollowedbythesamesuperscriptdiffer(0.05);SW:slaughterweight;ELW:emptyliveweight;HCW:hotcarcassweight;CCW:cold-carcassweight;Nc:non-carcassbodycomponents;CC:carcassconformation;CF:carcassfatness;KF:kidneyfatness. F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…254clearmeats.Nevertheless,itisimportantthatfemalesdonotexceedideallevelsoffatness(CF=2.5–3.5;fatdeposits3.5%).Theaveragecarcassconformationscorewas2.3,whichshowswell-formedcarcassesthatimprovedwithincreaseinweight.Inthegroup10kg,63%ofthecarcasseswereclas-siedasconformation2,and37%asconformation3,whileinthegroup&#x-166;&#x.700;10kg,24%wereclassiedas2,70%as3,and6%as4.Whenthecarcassweightin-creased,malesshowedaslightlyhigherqualitycarcassscorethanfemales.SubjectiveevaluationofcarcassandkidneyfatnessTable3)showedanaveragevalueof2.6.Thereforethemajoritywereclassiedasmediumfatwith2/3-coveredkidney.Thescoresforkidneyfatandcarcassfatwerehigherinfemalesthanmales.WiththeincreaseTable3Subjectiveevaluationofcarcassconformation,carcassfatness,renalfatnessandmeatcolour CarcassclassSexScores-value(scores)AssociationScores -valueMean-value Carcassconformation10kgFemales9(64)5(36)NSNSSexNS2.36NSMales10(63)6(37)2.38Total19(63)11(37)****WeightC:�10kgTotal17(24)49(70)4(6)2.81Females7(19)29(81)NSSex2.81NSMales10(29)20(60)4(11)2.82Carcassfatness10kgFemales1(7)11(79)2(4)NSNSSexNS3.07Males5(31)11(69)2.69Total6(20)22(73)2(7)NSNSWeightC:�10kgTotal3(4)60(86)7(10)3.06Females29(81)7(19)NSSexMales3(9)31(91)2.91Kidneyfatness10kgFemales12(86)2(14)NSSexNS3.14NSMales3(19)13(81)2.81Total3(10)25(83)2(7)NSNSNSWeightNS2.97NSC:�10kgTotal4(6)53(76)13(18)3.19Females24(67)12(33)NSSexMales4(12)39(85)1(3)2.91Meatcolour10kgFemales3(21)10(71)1(7)NSNSSexNS1.86NSMales3(19)13(81)1.81Total6(20)23(77)1(3)NSNSNSWeightNS1.83NSC:�10kgTotal10(14)57(823(4)1.90Females4(11)31(86)1(3)NSNSNSSexNS1.92NSMales6(18)26(76)2(6)1.88 �0.05.Absoluteandrelativefrequences(%)respecttoitsgroup;carcassconformationfrom1(poorconformation)to4(betterconformation);carcassandrenalfatnessfrom1(lowfat)to4(highfat);meatcolourfrom1(palemeat)to4(reddishmeat).0.05.0.01. F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…254incarcassweight,thescoresofkidneyandcarcassfatalsoincreased(2.5–2.7;2.2–2.5,respectively),butdif-ferenceswereonlyevidentinthelatter.Subjectiveeval-uationofmusclecolourshowedanaveragevalueof1.3,indicatingthatthemajorityoftheSegurenalambcar-casseshadpinkmuscles.Carcassweightandsexhadnosignicantinuenceinmusclecolour.Table4showstheeffectofcarcassweightandsexoncarcassmeasurementsandindices.Carcassweightclassicationinuencedthemajorityofcarcassmea-Table4Mean(S.E.)forcarcassmeasurementsandindices,measurementsofribsteak(m.longissimusthoracis),carcasscommercialjointandcarcasstissuecompositioninSegurenalightlambscarcasses TraitMeanCarcassclassSex B(8.1–10kg)C(10.1–13kg)FemalesMales (cm)52251.70.3052.80.2052.10.2052.3(cm)24124.10.2024.00.1023.90.2024.2BG(cm)50949.90.3051.90.2050.90.3051.0PT(cm)58858.10.1959.60,2058.50.2059.2(cm)16516.20.1016.80.1016.40.0917.7Th(cm)22221.90.1022.50.1021.90.0922.4(g/cm)1956186.21.59204.91.10195.81.50195.470.670.010.720.010.70.010.740.40.010.40.010.40.010.431.40.121.30.011.40.021.323.20.033.10.013.20.023.1/PT090.90.010.90.010.90.010.9Legweight/965.60.8073.50.8470.80.9070.8(mm)46746.50.8047.00.6045.50.7048.0(mm)23523.20.5023.80.3023.50.4023.5(mm)201.80.102.10.102.20.101.8(mm)574.90.306.40.206.40.305.0(%)5050.10.9050.60.7051.50.9049.2(%)1415.01.1013.30.8012.41.0115.9Area(cm78.50.308.80.208.40.208,9Neck(%)87.60.107.60.107.40.107.8Shoulder(%)2020.20.1020.10.1019.90.1020.3Loin(%)76.90.207.00.106.90.207.0Breast(%)1111.00.3011.50.2111.60.2011.0Ribs(%)1717.40.2017.50.2017.50.2017.4Leg(%)3434.00.2033.50.2033.80.2033.7Tail(%)10.90.100.90.100.90.100.9Kidney(%)10.90.100.90.100.90.100.9Kidneyfat(%)22.30.102.50.102.90.101.8Pelvicfat(%)060.50.040.60.030.70.030.5Testi.fat(%)040.40.040.40.03–0.4Sub.fat(%)76.40.307.00.207.40.036.1Interm.fat(%)1211.40.4112.40.3012.30.4011.5Muscle(%)5454.50.5053.90.4054.00.5054.4Bone(%)2020.30.2019.70.2019.20.2020.9(%)252.50.102.30.102.40.102.4Loss(%)252.60.102.50.102.50.102.5Meat/bone282.70.162.80.032.90.032.7Meat/fat252.70.092.50.012.40.062.7 :a,bmeanswithinarowwithinweightclassorsex,notfollowedbythesamesuperscriptdiffer(0.05).:internalcarcasslength;:hindlimblength;:buttocklength;BG:buttockperimeter;PT:thoracicdepth;CCW/:carcasscompactness;:maximumwidthofthem.longissimusthoracis:maximumdepthofthem.longissimusthoracis:subcutaneousthicknessofthem.longissimusthoracissubcutaneousthicknessofthem.serratusdorsaliscaudalisRemainingtissuesfromdissection(mainlyconnectivetissue). F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…254surements,aswellasthedegreeofcompactnessofthecarcassandtheleg.Theseresultsindicatedthatcarcassmeasurements,carcasscompactnessandlegconforma-tionincreasedwithcarcassweight.Inaddition,thesexoftheanimalhadlittleinuenceoncarcassdimensions.However,malecarcasseswerebothdeeper(Th),wider)andmorevoluminous(PT).Therewerenosignicantdifferencesbetweentheand-3;E.5;10kggroupsonanyoftheribsteakchar-acteristics.However,thereweresignicanteffectsofsexonmostoftheribsteakcharacteristics.Differencesbetweensexescorroboratedthepreviouslystatedob-servationregardingthegreaterdegreeoffatnessinfe-males.Thecommercialcutsshowedvaluesof34%fortheleg,20%fortheshoulder,17%fortheribs,11%forthebreast,8%fortheneck,and7%fortheloin.Carcassweightshowednosignicanteffectontheproportionofcommercialcuts,butthelegvariedfrom34%inthekggroupto33.5%inthe-1;f.7;10kggroup,andthebreastvariedfrom11to11.5%intherespectiveSexaffectedtheproportionofcommercialcutsonlyintheneckandback,whichweremoredevelopedinthemales.Thecarcass(Table4)contained22%fat,54%muscleand20%bone.Carcassmusclecontentwasap-proximately54.5%forcarcassesoflessthan10kgand53.9%forthoseheavierthan10kg;thebonepercent-agevariedbetween20.3and19.7%,andthatoffat21–23%.Femalecarcasseshadasignicantlyhigherproportionoffat,similartothatfoundbyBenevent,whilethemalecarcasseshadaheavierskele-ton.Thepercentageofmusclewassimilarinbothsexes.Weightatslaughterhadasignicantinuenceonintermuscularfatandbone,whichcorrespondedtotheirallometricgrowth.Thequantityofsubcutaneousfatalsoincreasedwithslaughteringweight.Giventhegreatvariabilityamonganimals,thedifferencewasnotstatisticallysignicant.4.DiscussionThelowergrowthratesoffemalesassociatedwithgreaterageatslaughterareconsistentwiththosere-portedbyFalagan(1992)forthesamebreed.Slaughterweight,emptyliveweight,hotcarcassweight,dress-ingpercentageandnon-carcasscomponentspercent-ageweresimilartothoserecordedinlambsslaugh-teredatsameageand/orweight(Falagan,1988;Peetal.,1989;Domenechetal.,1990;RuizdeHuidobroandCaneque,1993;Delfaetal.,1996;Alcaldeetal.,Inagreementwithpreviousstudies(RuizdeHuido-broandJurado,1989;Falagan,1992;Santosetal.,),thecarcassyieldwasgreaterinfemales,pos-siblyduetomorefat,especiallyintherenalregion.Theabsenceofstatisticaldifferencesbetweensexescouldpossiblybeattributedtotherangeofslaughterweights.Withincreasedslaughterweight,thedress-ingpercentagealsoincreased,againinagreementwithDomenechetal.(1990)nudoetal.(1997)Vergaraetal.(1999)erezetal.(2002).Incontrast,laFuenteetal.(1999)foundnovariationsofthecar-cassyieldwiththeincreaseinliveweight,whileetal.(2003)obtainedanallometriccoefcientinSegurenalambsatthesameweight.Thepercentageofnon-carcasscomponentswascomparabletotheguresfromnaetal.(1989),butofaslightlylowervalvethaninotherSpanishbreeds(RasaAragonesa,RoyaBilbilitana,OjinegradeTeruelandRubiadelMolar)atthesameslaughterweight.Thisisattributedtothelighterweightoftheskin(8.2%oftheELW;naetal.,1989)comparedbetweento9.5and13%recordedbyotherresearchers(Alcaldeetal.,1999;Delfaetal.,1999;DelaFuenteetal.,1999TheNc/ELWratiosdecreasedwithslaughterweight,inagreementwiththeresultsofnaetal.fortheSegurenabreed.However,DelaFuenteetal.(1999)reportedahigherallometriccoefcientat70–90daysofagefortheRubiadelMolarbreed.Thisdifferencecanbeexplainedbythedifferentwool-type:medium-woolintheSegurenabreedandcarpet-woolintheRubiadelMolarbreed.ThecarcassmeasurementswerelowerthanthosereportedinlambswithsimilarslaughterweightsAparicioetal.,1989;Falagan,1992;RuizdeHuidobroandCaneque,1993;Alcaldeetal.,1999).Increaseincarcassmeasurementsandtheindexofcarcasscon-formation,alongwiththehigherfatness,arethemaincausesforthehigherdegreeofsubjectiveclassicationofthecarcassconformationofgroupC.However,fe-malesdonotshowbettershapedcarcassesthanmalesincontrasttotheresultsofVergaraetal.(1999).Thehighermeasurementandindexvaluesforcarcasscom-pactnessinmalesarecompensatedforahigherfatcon- F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…254tentinfemales,whicheliminatesdifferencesinslaugh-terweight.Whentheanimalsareslaughteredatalaterageandheavierweight,femaleshadbettercarcasseconformation,whichisinaccordancewiththeallomet-riccoefcientforfatcovering(Aparicioetal.,1989;Domenechetal.,1989Thegoodleveloffatnessinthesecarcasses,despitetheirrelativelylowweight,wasdueingreatmeasure,totheprecocityoftheSegurenabreed,anobserva-tionwhichisconrmedwhencomparedwithresultsforbreedsorcrossbreedsofgreateradultweight,suchasManchega(RuizdeHuidobroandCaneque,1993;Alcaldeetal.,1999).Femalecarcasseshaveahigherproportionoffat,inagreementwiththeguresreportedazetal.(2002).M/Bwerehigherinheaviercar-cassesandinmalesthatwereassociatedwithabet-terconformation(Hopkinsetal.,1997).Thediffer-enceoffatnessbetweensexesincreasedwithcarcassweight(Domenechetal.,1989;Aparicioetal.,1989;Santosetal.,2000).Therewasahigherpercentageoffemalecarcasseswithascoreof4(Table3).There-fore,theslaughterweightoffemalesshouldnotexceed23–25kg,whilemalesmaybemorethan25–27kg.Themaleshadcarcassheavierthanthefemales,inagreementwithpreviousresults(Zuritaetal.,1980;Olletaetal.,1992).Possiblyduetothephysiologyofthemale,whichincludesanadvancedgrowthrateand,consequently,agreaterelongationofbones(Wylieetal.,1997).Nodifferencesweredetectedbetweensexesforbuttockperimeter,contrarytothestudiesofColomerandEspejo(1972),andRuizdeHuidobroandJurado(1989)thatreportedhighervaluesforfemales,attributedtoanatomicaladaptationforlambing.ThesediscrepanciesareduetothedifferencesinslaughterTheproportionofcommercialcutsweresimilarinbothsexes,asreportedbyZuritaetal.(1980)Incontrast,Domenechetal.(1990)erezetal.foundhigherpercentagesinfemales.Thecor-relationofpercentageofcommercialcutswithcarcassweightareinagreementwithreportedallometricco-efcients(Domenechetal.,1990;RuizdeHuidobroandCaneque,1993;Perezetal.,2002).Therefore,theSegurenabreedcanbeusedfortheproductionofbothtypesofcarcass.Thisisbecausethefatcontentinfe-maleswas24%ofthecarcass,andtheproportionofpelvicandrenalfat/carcassweightwasabout4%.Ex-ceedingthesevalueswouldleadtocarcassdeprecia-tion,indicatingthatthefemalesshouldnotbeslaugh-teredatheavierweights.5.ConclusionTheSegurenabreedproducesacarcasswithgoodconformationandfatnesswithin7–13kgcold-carcassweight.Weightclassinuencedmainlybyslaughterweight,andcarcassfatnessvariedaccordingtosex.Therefore,theproducercouldincreasethereturnsfrombreedingandfatteningbydeterminingtheappropriatetimeforslaughter.ReferencesAlcalde,M.J.,Sanudo,C.,Osorio,J.C.,Olleta,J.L.,Sierra,I.,1999.Evaluaciondelacalidaddelacanalydelacarneencanalesovinasligerasdeltipocomercial“Ternasco”(Evaluationofcarcassandmeatqualityinlightovinecarcassesofthe“ternasco”comercialtype).ITEA95A,49–64.Aparicio,F.,Domenech,V.,Pena,F.,Tovar,J.,Mendez,D.,1989.Medidasdeterminadassobrecanalesdecorderosmachosyhem-brasderazaSegurena(Measuresdeterminedonmalesandfe-malescarcassesinSegurenabreedlambs).ArchivosdeZootecnia38(140),93–104.Benevent,M.,1971.Croissancerelativeponderalepostnataledanslesdeuxsexesdesprincipauxtissusetorganesdel’agneuMerinoes(RelativegrowthofthetissuesandorgansofMerinoes).Ann.Biol.Biochem.Biophys.11,5–39.Boccard,D.R.,Dumont,B.L.,Peyron,C.,1958.Valeursignicativedequelquesmensurationspouraprecierlaqualitedescarcassesd’agneux(Signicantvalueofsamemeasurementstoappreciatethequalityofthelambcarcass).In:Proceedingsofthe4thMeet-ingoftheEuropeanResearchWorkers,Cambridge,pp.15–19.Cano,T.,Pena,F.,Martos,J.,Domenech,V.,Alcalde,Ma.,GarcA.,Herrera,M.,Rodero,E.,Acero,R.,2003.CalidaddelacanalydelacarneencorderosligerosderazaSegurena(CarcassandmeatqualityinlightlambsofSegurenabreed).ArchivosdeZootecnia52(199),315–326.Colomer,F.,Espejo,M.,1972.DeterminaciondelpesooptimodesacriciodeloscorderosprocedentesdelcruzamientoManchegoxR.A.enfunciondelsexo(Determinationoftheoptimalslaugh-terweightoftheManchegoxR.A.crossbreedlambsasafunctionofthesex).ITEA6,219–235.Colomer-Rocher,F.,Morand-Fher,P.,Kirton,A.H.,Delfa,R.,Sierra,I.,1988.Metodosnormalizadosparaelestudiodeloscaracterescuantitativosycualitativosdelascanalescaprinasyovinas(Stan-dardmethodstostudythequantitativeandqualitativecarcasscharacteristicsingoatandsheep).CuadernosINIA17,25.DelaFuente,J.,Thos,J.,Ibnez,M.,Guerra,J.,Molinari,R.,1999.RazaRubiadelMolar:evoluciondepesosvivo,canalyquintocuartoenfunciondelaedaddesacriciodeloscorderos(Rubia F.Penaetal./SmallRuminantResearch60(2005)247…254delMolarbreed:evolutionofliveweight,carcassweightandfthquarterinfunctionoftheslaughterage).XXIVJornadasSEOC,111–115.Delfa,R.,Gonzalez,C.,Teixiera,A.,1996.Useofcoldcarcassweightandfatdepthmeasurementstopredictcarcasscomposi-tionofRasaAragonesalambs.SmallRumin.Res.20,267–274.Delfa,R.,Gosalvez,L.F.,Tor,M.,Gonzalez,C.,1999.Thefthquar-terinlambsofRoyaBilbilitanaandOjinegradeTeruelbreeds.Rev.Portug.Zootec6,101–112.az,M.T.,Velasco,S.,Caneque,V.,Lauzurica,S.,RuzdeHuido-bro,F.,Perez,C.,Gonzalez,J.,Manzanares,C.,2002.Useofconcentrateorpastureforfatteninglambsanditseffectoncar-cassandmeatquality.SmallRumin.Res.43,257–268.Domenech,V.,Pena,F.,Aparicio,F.,Tovar,J.,Mendez,D.,1989.CrecimentoydesarrollodelostejidosencanalesdecorderosderazaSegurena(Growthanddevelopmentoftissuesincar-cassesofSegurenabreedlambs).ArchivosdeZootecnia38(141),Domenech,V.,Pena,F.,Aparicio,F.,Mendez,D.,1990.Carac-sticasdelacanalencorderosderazaSegurena.II.Rendimien-tosydespiecedelacanal(CharacteristicsofSegurenalambscarcasses.II.Yieldanddressing).ArchivosdeZootecnia39,EuropeanUnion,1994.Modelocomunitariodeclasicaciondecanalesdeovinosligeros.EuropeanCommunityStandardsfortheclassicationofLightLambsCarcasses,BrochureNo.CM-84-94-703-ES-D.PublishingBureauoftheEuropeanCommu-nities,L-2985Luxembourg.Falagan,A.,1988.Croissanceetcaractesristiquesboucheresdesag-neuxderaceSegurenaenfonctiondutyped’alimentationetdusex(GrowthandmetacharacteristicsasalambsofSegurebreedoffeedandsex).Agrimed-Ciheam.Comm.Comun.Eu-eopeennes,Rapport1149FR,pp.83–96.Falagan,A.,1992.Elcorderosegureno:crecimientoycaractercarniceras(Segurenalambs:growthandmeatcharacteristics).Ovis20,63–70.Field,R.A.,Maiorano,G.,McCormick,R.J.,Riley,M.L.,Russell,W.C.,Williams,F.L.,Crouse,J.D.,1990.Effectofplaneofnu-tritionandageoncarcassmaturityofsheep.J.Anim.Sci.68,Fisher,A.V.,deBoer,H.,1994.TheEAAPstandardmethodofsheepcarcassassessement.Carcassmeasurementsanddissectionpro-cedures.Livest.Prod.Sci.38,149–159.Hopkins,D.L.,Fogarty,N.M.,Menzis,D.J.,1997.Differencesincompositionmuscularity,muscle:boneratioandcutdimensionsbetweensixlambsgenotypes.MeatSci.45,439–450.Olleta,J.L.,Sierra,I.,Sanudo,C.,1992.ProducciondecarneenlaonChurraTensina:corderopastencoydecebo(MeatproductioninChurraTensinabreed).ITEA88A(2),119–128.Palsson,H.M.,1939.Meatqualitiesinthesheepwithspecialrefer-encetoScottishbreedandcrosses.Carcassmeasurementsandsamplejointsasindiceofqualityandcomposition.J.Agric.Sci.(Camb.)24,544–574.na,F.,Domenech,V.,Aparicio,F.,Mendez,D.,1989.Carac-sticasdelacanalencorderosderazaSegurena.I.Compo-nentescorporalesnoincluidosenlacanal(Carcasscharacteris-ticsofSegurenalambs.I.Non-carcasscomponents).ArchivosdeZootecnia38(141),107–125.erez,P.,Maino,M.,Tomic,G.,Mardones,E.,Pokniak,J.,2002.Carcasscharacteristicsandmeatqualityofsuffolkdownsucklinglambs.SmallRumin.Res.44,33–240.RuizdeHuidobro,F.,Jurado,J.J.,1989.Producciondecarneenelovinomanchegoencruzamiento(Meatproductioninmanchegocrosbreedlambs).I.T.E.A.4(1),35–44.RuizdeHuidobro,F.,Caneque,V.,1993.ProducciondecarneencorderosderazaManchega.II.Conformacionyestadodeen-grasamientoyproporciondepiezasendistintostiposcomerciales(MeatproductionofManchegalambs.II.Carcassconformation,fatnessgradeandcutsproportionindifferentcommercialani-mals).Invest.Agric.:Prod.Sanid.Anim.8(3),233–245.Santos,V.,Azevedo,J.,Silva,S.,2000.RelativegrowthofbodyandcarcasscomponentsofmaleIle-de-Francelambs.Rev.Portug.ecVII(1),29–41.nudo,C.,Campo,M.M.,Sierra,I.,Maria,G.A.,Olleta,J.L.,San-tolaria,P.,1997.Breedeffectoncarcassandmeatqualityofsucklinglamb.MeatSci.4,357–365.Sierra,I.,1974.El“Ternasco”aragones.Descripcionycarac-sticasfundamentales(TheTernascoaragones.Descriptionandcharacteristics).CSIC,UniversidaddeZaragoza19.Vergara,H.,Molina,A.,Gallego,L.,1999.Inuenceofsexandslaughterweightoncarcassandmeatqualityinlightandmediumweightlambsproducedinintensivesystems.MeatSci.59,Wylie,A.R.G.,Chestnutt,D.M.B.,Kilpatrick,D.J.,1997.Growthandcarcasscharacteristicsofheavyslaugtherweightlambs:effectsofsirebreedandsexlambandrelationshipstoserummetabolitesandIGF-1.J.Anim.Sci.64,309–318.Zurita,M.V.,VerayVega,V.,Aparicio,F.,1980.ContribucionaloyalaondelascanalesdecorderosderazaManchega(ContributiontothestudyandcharacteristicsoflambscarcassesofManchegabreed).ArchivosdeZootecnia29(114),