Dr Pratima Soni ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS ON IOPA INTRODUCTION MAXILLARY LANDMARKS MANDIBULAR LANDMARKS CONCLUSION CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The radiographic recognition of disease requires a sound knowledge of the radiographic appearance of normal structures ID: 1048391
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1. Department of Oral Medicine and RadiologyDr. Pratima SoniANATOMICAL LANDMARKS ON IOPA
2. INTRODUCTIONMAXILLARY LANDMARKSMANDIBULAR LANDMARKSCONCLUSIONCONTENTS
3. INTRODUCTIONThe radiographic recognition of disease requires a sound knowledge of the radiographic appearance of normal structures.Intelligent diagnosis mandates an appreciation of the wide range of variation in the appearance of normal anatomic structures.
4. STRUCTURES VISUALIZED ON A RADIOGRAPH ARE:Teeth Supporting structuresMaxilla MandibleOther restorative materials
5. TEETHTeeth are primarily composed of enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum.Enamel appears more radiopaque than other tissues.It is 90% mineralized causes greater attenuation of x-rays photons.
6. TEETHDentin is less radiopaque than enamel, similar to bone.The junction between enamel and dentin appears as a distinct interface separating these two structures.Cementum is not usually apparent radio graphically because the contrast between it and dentin is so low and the cementum layer is thin.Pulp composed of soft tissue and appears as radiolucent.
7. TEETH
8. TEETH
9. ROOT CANALS
10. Developing toothAt the end of developing tooth root, the pulp canal diverges, and the walls of the root rapidly taper to a knife edge.Gives stage of maturation of toothMisdiagnosed as periapical pathologyHyperostotic bony cryptTEETH
11. Cervical burn outDiffuse radiolucent areas with ill-defined borders may be apparent radio graphically on the mesial or distal aspect of cervical regions between the edge of the enamel cap and the crest of ridge.Intact proximal surfaces Mimic as root caries.
12. SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
13. Thin radiopaque layer of dense bone ( hard layer) is derived from its radiographic appearanceAppearance may vary with path of x-ray beam-well defined or more diffuseThickness and density vary with amount of occlusal forces.Appearance of lamina Dura is valuable diagnostic featureLAMINA DURA
14.
15. Alveolar crest : the gingival margin of the alveolar process that extends between the teeth is apparent on radiograph as radiopaque is called alveolar crest.Anterior-pointed, posterior-flat.Typically located 1.5 -2mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces (CEJ)ALVEOLAR CREST
16. PDL SPACE: appears as radiolucent area between tooth and lamina dura.Width varies with tooth to tooth , person to person.Thinner in mid root regionThe shape of tooth creates the appearance of double PDL space.PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT SPACE
17. Bone Cortical CancellousRadiographic appearance due to cancellous bone, endosteal surface of the outer cortical bone.Anterior maxilla& mandible; posterior maxilla and mandible.Absence indicative of disease.
18. TRABECULAR PATTERN
19. MAXILLARY ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
20. ANTERIOR MAXILLAa = nasal septumb = inferior conchac = nasal fossad = anterior nasal spinee = Incisive foramenf = median palatal sutureg = soft tissue of nosebagfedc
21. efbadcfacial viewpalatal view
22. Sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and the inferior portion of the nasal cavityANTERIOR NASAL SPINE
23. Thin radiolucent line, smooth or irregularMedian palatal suture/ inter-maxillary suture
24. NASAL SEPTUM AND NASAL APERTURE
25. aINFERIOR CONCHA
26. NASAL FOSSA
27. The foramina varies in its radiographic appearance like smoothly symmetric, ill defined border, very irregular or well demarcated.INCISIVE FORAMEN
28. SOFT TISSUE OF THE NOSE
29. LIP LINE
30.
31. Superior foramina of the nasopalatine canals Superior foramina of the nasopalatine canals (red arrows). These foramina lie in the floor of the nasal fossa. The nasopalatine canals travel downward to join in the incisive foramen
32. a = floor of nasal fossab = maxillary sinusc = lateral fossad = nosedcbaMAXILLARY CUSPID REGION
33. acbacb
34. YFLOOR OF NASAL FOSSA
35. LATERAL FOSSA
36. SOFT TISSUE OF THE NOSE
37. a = malar processb = sinus septumc = sinus recessd = maxillary sinusabcdMAXILLARY PREMOLAR REGION
38. cabdcdba
39. a = maxillary tuberosityb = coronoid processc = hamular processd = pterygoid platese = zygomaf = maxillary sinusfedcbaMAXILLARY MOLAR REGION
40. gdaefcbdbaecfg
41. ZYGOMATIC PROCESS OF MAXILLA
42. MAXILLARY SINUS
43. Pneumatization
44. MAXILLARY SINUS SEPTUM
45. MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS
46. a. lingual foramenb. genial tuberclesc. mental ridged. mental fossaabcdMANDIBULAR INCISOR REGION
47. b = genial tuberclesa = lingual foramenc = mental ridged = mental fossaabcdFacial viewLingual view
48. LINGUAL FORAMEN
49. GENIAL TUBERCLES
50. MENTAL RIDGE
51. MENTAL FOSSA
52. Symphysis
53. NUTRIENT CANALS
54. aba = mental ridgeb = genial tubercles/ lingual foramenc = mental foramencMANDIBULAR CANINE REGION
55. b2a = mental ridgec = mental foramenb2 = lingual foramenb1 = genial tuberclesfacial viewlingual viewdcdadb1db2
56. Facial view
57. Lingual view
58. Red arrow - the mandibular canal Blue arrow - mental foramen.facial view
59. Mandibular Premolar a = mylohyoid ridgeb = mandibular canalc = submandibular gland fossad = mental foramen
60. cb = mandibular canald = mental foramena = mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique)c = submandibular gland fossafacial viewlingual viewcaddb
61. Mental foramen
62. Mandibular Molar Regiona = External oblique ridgeb = Mylohyoid ridgec = Mandibular canald = Submandibular gland fossa
63. facial viewlingual viewbcaba = external oblique ridgec = mandibular canalb = mylohyoid ridged = submandibular gland fossadd
64. abcdda = external oblique ridgeb = mylohyoid ridgec = mandibular canald = submandibular gland fossa
65. External oblique ridgefacial view
66. Mylohyoid ridgeLingual view
67. facial viewMandibular (inferior alveolar) canal
68. lingual viewSubmandibular Gland Fossa
69. Inferior border of mandible
70. QUESTION 1IDENTIFY THE LANDMARK
71. QUESTION 2IDENTIFY THE LANDMARK
72. QUESTION 3IDENTIFY THE LANDMARK
73. QUESTION 4IDENTIFY THE LANDMARK
74. QUESTION 5IDENTIFY THE LANDMARK
75. THANK YOU
76.
77. Restorative materialsAmalgam restoration
78. cast gold crown,
79. Stainless steel pins
80. Endodontic material
81. Composite restorations
82. Porcelain coverage
83. Composite restorations containing particles of barium glass
84. References Joen.M, Howerton .dental radiography principle's and techniques, 4th edition.Anil ghom, text book of basic oral radiology. Intra oral radiography, jaypee publishers, 2nd edition.page no:70-106.Freny R Karjodkar. Textbook of dental & maxillofacial radiology, jaypee publications, 2nd edition.White&pharoah text book of oral radiology 6th editio.Fundamentals of Oral Medicine and Radiology By Durgesh M. Bailoor, 3rd edition.Ravikiran ongole text book of oral medicine, diagnosis,& oral radiology 3rd edition.