Shemeri Lab Assistants Mr Jamal Abdulfattah Mrs Ferdws amylase amĭlās An enzyme synthesised in the pancreas and salivary ID: 779989
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Slide1
Serum Amylase
Muthana
Al-
Shemeri
Lab. Assistants,
Mr
Jamal
Abdulfattah
Mrs
Ferdws
Slide2amylase [
am´ĭ-lās
]
An enzyme synthesised in the pancreas and salivary glands and secreted in the GI tract which digests starch and glycogen.Structure
Slide3α
-amylase production
Amylase is one of several
enzymes produced by the pancreas to help digest carbohydrates. Amylase is secreted through the pancreatic duct into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), where it helps break down dietary carbohydrates. It is also produced by other organs, particularly the salivary glands.
Slide4Slide5Functions
The
main function for this enzyme is catalyzes the
hydrolysis of starch into simpler compounds.Types
1 - the
α
-amylases occur in animals. found in saliva, pancreatic juice, certain bacteria, and mold, catalyzes the hydrolysis of starches to
dextrins
, maltose,
and
maltotriose
.
2 - the β-amylases occur in higher plants.
Found
in grains, vegetables and bacteria.
It is involved in the hydrolysis of starch to
maltose
.
Slide6Signs and symptoms
When you have symptoms of a pancreatic disorder, such as
1- Severe
abdominal pain, 2- Fever, 3- Loss of appetite, or 4- Nausea.
Slide7Why get tested?
Primarily to diagnose and monitor
Acute pancreatitis,
Chronic pancreatitis or Other pancreatic diseases like pancreatic tumor in rare cases, increased amounts of amylase are released into the blood. This increases concentrations of amylase in the blood will also
present in
the urine as amylase is eliminated from the blood through the urine
.
Slide8Measurement of serum
α
- amylase
It is measured in patients with suspected pancreatitis: serum and urine levels peak 4–8 hours after onset of acute pancreatitis, and
normalise
within 48–72 hours.
α
-amylase activity is an important diagnostic test for acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Normal blood findings are 56 to 190 IU/L.
Slide9Slide10α
-Amylase
readingsHigh increase: Acute pancreatitis, severe glomerular dysfunction (low amylase clearance), pancreatic cancer, acute salivary gland disease, severe diabetic ketoacidoses. amylase in the blood often increases to 4 to 6 times higher than the highest reference value, sometimes called the upper limit of normal. The increase occurs within 4 to 8 hours of injury to the pancreas and generally remains elevated until the cause is successfully treated. Then the amylase values will return to normal in a few days.
Slide11Moderate increase:
Abdominal disturbance, salivary gland
disorders.
In chronic pancreatitis, amylase levels initially will be moderately elevated but often decrease over time with progressive pancreas damage. In this case, levels returning to normal may not indicate that the source of damage has been resolved.
Slide12Low
α
-amylase:
New born up to 1 year (physiological).Symptoms of low amylase may indicate permanent damage to the amylase-producing cells in the pancreas. Decreased levels can also be due to kidney disease and toxemia of pregnancy.
Slide13Thank you