Charles Darwin 18091882 Charles DarwinA Summary British Naturalist Sailed aboard the HMS Beagle in 1831 Observed the wide variety of different animals in the Galapagos Islands on this trip ID: 911144
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Slide1
Darwinian Evolution
Let’s take a close look!
Slide2Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
Slide3Charles Darwin—A Summary
British Naturalist
Sailed aboard the
H.M.S
Beagle in 1831
Observed the wide variety of different animals in the Galapagos Islands on this trip
He especially took note of the different types/variations of beaks of the finches there
Darwin felt that the different beaks helped the birds survive in different conditions (natural selection)
Slide4H.M.S Beagle
Slide5Galapagos Islands
Slide6Galapagos
Slide7Galapagos Finches
Slide8A Summary Continued
Darwin postulated that all species of living things descended from a single ancestor
In 1859 he published his theory in a book titled The Origin of Species
Darwin believed that small changes over time would result in new species or types of organisms being formed
Slide9Darwinism/Evolution in a nutshell
Non-living matter
First
CellAll
life
IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE HERE THAT DARWIN DID NOT KNOW ABOUT AMINO ACIDS OR PROTEINS, GENES, OR THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CELL AND BODY SYSTEMS.
Slide10Primitive Scientific Knowledge of the times
The idea of spontaneous generation was in vogue at the time…maggots form from meat, bacteria could form spontaneously from muddy water, rats could be generated from dirty clothes.
The laws of inheritance as proposed by
Gregor
Mendel were unknown to Darwin.
Gregor
Mendel the father of genetics opposed Darwin’s ideas
Slide11Gregor Mendel (1822-1882)
Slide12Gregor Mendel
Did scientific studies with pea plants to show how traits are inherited from parents
Published his findings in 1865 (Darwin published in 1859)
Mendel’s findings fully accepted in 1900
Thus Darwin was ignorant of how heredity worked
Slide13Evolution Teaches (#1):
The first life was a bacterium-like cell which formed out of an “
abiotic
-stew.” Life from non-life. There is no direction or intent.
Slide14Questions for evolution (#1)
Louis Pasteur in 1862 proved the notion of “spontaneous generation”—life from non-life untrue.
Rudolf Virchow showed that cells always come from preexisting cells.
Code has never been observed to form on its own. There must always be a “coder” or a mind.
Information requires mind.
Genetic entropy- it’s down…not up!
Slide15Questions for evolution #1 continued
The assembling of a protein requires DNA code.
Bradley and Thaxton calculated the odds of 1 medium size protein to form on its own without DNA: 1 in 4.9 x 10
191
. 1 x 10
50
is considered statistically impossible odds!
Slide16Evolution Teaches (#2)
Life forming compounds such as amino acids (building blocks of proteins) were formed under experimental conditions. This proves that they could form in nature over eons of time.
Slide17Questions for evolution (#2)
The most famous of these is the Stanley Miller experiment (1950s). It was carried out under forced-unrealistic conditions. Biologist today reject this experiment as valid. However it still appears in text books today!
Slide18Stanley Miller
The starting chemicals were “forced”
Amino acids formed were removed via a trap otherwise spark that formed them would also destroy
Amino acids formed were both right and left handed…life requires only left
Amino acids forced into concentration
Slide19Stanley Miller Experiment (1953)
Slide20Questions for evolution #2 cont.
Much later Sydney Fox tried to form proteins using pure amino acids. This produced a substance he called “
proteinoids
” which in no way resembled actual proteins. Failure again.
Slide21Questions for evolution #2 cont.
Even if you had all the correct proteins present together (200,000 different proteins for a single human cell), you would still need to assemble them into a functional, self-repairing, self-replicating cell! The odds of this occurring are far outside the reaches of probability regardless of how much time you have.
Slide22Define Inference:
A conclusion drawn from the information available to you.
Slide23Review
Have we ever scientifically shown the life can appear from non-life?
Have we ever scientifically shown code to self-code?
Can a cell self-assemble? How about a calculator?
What is the best inference?
Slide24Evolution Teaches #3
“Natural Selection” is part of the evolutionary process. Darwin believed that
natural selection
was the engine that drove evolution. Darwin’s finches (Galapagos finches) are evidences of evolution.
Slide25Question for evolution (#3)
Natural selection is NOT evolution. It is merely the fact that organisms better adapted to their environment are able to survive and have offspring that will also have successful traits for survival.
Natural selection only involves existing genes and information. No new information is created!
Natural selection has never been observed to cause evolution as proposed by Darwin.
Slide26Darwin’s Finches (#3)
The finches are a perfect example of natural selection, not evolution.
We see a variation in finch beaks due to pre-programmed genetic code.
The code/information has always been present starting with the original finch population that arrived on the islands.
Slide27Darwin’s Finches (#3)
As different groups of finches were isolated from each other, the type of beak (as determined by the genetic code) that was the most successful was the one that became most common on that particular island. If conditions changed as long as the genes for the other traits were present, they could be expressed to meet the need of the isolated group.
Slide28Successful genes expressed
Slide29Different beak types determined by genes
Slide30Selective Breading Is the Opposite of Evolution
Slide31Evolution Teaches (#4)
Homologous structures strongly support evolution—common ancestor.
Slide32Question for evolution (#4)—so does this mean these evolved?
Slide33Question for evolution (#4)—How do you explain wings “evolving” 3 different times?
Birds, insects, bats
Slide34Evolution Teach (#5)—Vestigial Organs—Some organs are “left overs” from our evolutionary past and serve no function—appendix, tonsils, coccyx (tail bone).
Slide35Question for evolution (#5)
Are these really useless organs? In 1895 German doctor Wiedersheim listed 100 vestigial organs. As technology improved we have discovered the use for these organs! In 1997 it was made clear that the appendix enhances the immune system. The tonsils do the same. The coccyx is an attachment for pelvic organs and muscles.
Slide36Evolution teaches (#6)
There are great similarities in the development of organisms. This proves common ancestor.
Slide37Question for evolution (#6)
You see similarities in adult forms of organisms, you would also see similarities in their development. This is not surprising! There has been much fraud regarding this. Discuss gill slits, and tail.
Slide38Common Lie
"You remember what you learned in your 10th grade biology class—how that the developing embryo goes through various stages during its growth? It goes through a fish stage, where it has 'gill slits' just like a fish. At other times it has a yolk sac like a bird, and a tail like a monkey. At two months it is probably going through its fish stage; it is not fully human yet. Don't think of it as a baby, but as a fish."
Slide39The Truth
True enough, at an early stage of development the human fetus does have certain folds or creases which resemble these found in a fish embryo. As they develop, however, the resemblance stops. In the fish, the folds develop into gills; but in the human, they develop into the glands and structures in the ear and neck areas.
Slide40The Truth!
Slide41The Truth!
Slide42The Truth!
Similarly, the embryonic human "tail" is in reality the developing coccyx, or "tail bone," a vitally important, fully human feature—many important muscles attach to this bone. It has nothing to do with a tail.
Slide43The Truth
The so-called yolk sac is not a source of nourishment as in a bird egg, but is the source of the embryo's first blood cells. Everything about the human embryo is totally unique and human.
Slide44Evolution teaches (#7)
The similarity in the DNA between humans and chimps (98-99% similar)
proves there is a common ancestor between the two kinds.
Slide45Question for evolution (#7)
We have been told this for decades.The truth is that they are NOT similar
New and better
sampling techniques show they are profoundly different
Y-chromosome is the only one that they can accurately compare at this time
The architecture of the chimp’s is vastly different than that of human’s
Slide46#8 Evolution Teaches:“Junk” DNA proves evolution
Slide47Question for #8
Have you not heard the news?
Slide48Question for Evolution (#8)
There is NO “junk” DNA
There was a time when geneticists did not know what certain DNA regions were for
Ignorance does not mean that it is “junk”
Improved technology has revealed that what was thought of as “junk” is really very important regulatory DNA.
Repeat. There is NO junk DNA!
Slide49Evolution teaches (#8)
The fossil record proves that animals branched out from a common ancestor and evolved from “simple” to more “complex.” There are many transitional forms found in the fossil record supporting evolution.
Slide50Question for evolution (#8)
The fossil record supports “abrupt appearance” not evolution! All major types of
multicellular
phyla appear
suddenly
.
Slide51Fossil Record Supports an Orchard of Life, Not a Tree of Life
Slide52Evidence Shows
The trees in this orchard do not overlap one another or cross one another, representing the limits of variety within the DNA of the created kinds. This view (developed by Dr. Kurt Wise) is confirmed by the evidence from observational science.