Nicole Guindon and Dr Pete Erickson Introduction 70 of US dairy producers use milk replacer Conventional milk replacers contain 2022 CP and 1520 fat DM basis and fed at a rate of 4 quartsd until weaning ID: 701012
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Slide1
Feeding Accelerated Milk Replacer to Calves: Effects of Starter Stirring on Performance
Nicole Guindon, and Dr. Pete EricksonSlide2
Introduction
70% of US dairy producers use milk replacer
Conventional milk replacers contain 20-22% CP and 15-20% fat (DM basis) and fed at a rate of 4 quarts/d until weaningAccelerated or High-protein replacers contain 26% to 28% CP and 15-20% fat. These are typically increased over the milk feeding period. Weaning occurs at d 42 and finalized at d 49.Slide3
We need to get from here….Slide4
To here….Slide5
Who we’re dealing with!Slide6
Introduction (cont.)
Calves fed the high CP replacer have a higher ADG and are taller as compared to calves fed conventional replacer (Cornell, UNH, UMINN).
Decreasing weaning stress can result in increased growthCalves fed the high CP replacer have difficulty during the weaning phase.Slide7
Starter Intake (Cowles et al., 2006)Slide8
Overall DMI (Cowles et al., 2006)Slide9
ADG, Cowles et al., (2006)Slide10
Intake behavior of cattle
Dairy cows eat when their feed is pushed up
Would calves respond the same way by human interaction?Could stirring the calf starter improve performance and decrease the stress of weaning in calves fed high CP milk replacer feeding programs?Slide11
Objective
To determine if calves fed a conventional or high CP milk replacer feeding regimen that have their coarse starter stirred increase starter intake and skeletal growth.
Will this practice reduce poor performance during the weaning period (d 42-d 49).Slide12
Materials and Methods
36 newborn Holstein heifer calves
4 treatments Conventional milk replacer , no stirs (CMR
)
Conventional milk replacer , stirs twice daily (CMRS)
High protein milk replacer, no stirs (HPMR)
High protein milk replacer, stirs (HPMRS)
18 Calves were fed a conventional milk replacer (20/20) fed at 12% solids, twice daily until d 41.
½ of these calves had their starter stirred in the morning (10:30 am) and afternoon (2:00 pm) Slide13
Materials and methods (cont.)
Calves on the high CP milk replacer (28/20) had 0.9 pounds of powder reconstituted to 17% DM twice daily from d2-d8 twice daily and 1.25 pounds of powder reconstituted to 17% DM twice daily from d9-d41.
18 calves had their starter manipulated twice daily (as the other treatment)Ad libitum coarse starter and water was available to all calves. Slide14
Materials and Methods (cont.)
Weekly skeletal measurements were made based on the birthday of the calf
All feed and water intake measured dailyThe nursery had a partition to allow the researchers to only visit the calves that had their starter stirred Starter was stirred for 30 sec/calf
Only the graduate student was allowed in the nursery Slide15
Materials and Methods (cont.)
From d 42 –d 49 calves only received milk replacer in the morning.
Calves were fully weaned on d 50- measurements continued until d 63.Slide16
Results (Preweaning d 2-41)
Item
CMR
CMRS
HPMR
HPMRS
SE
S vs. NS
HPMR vs. CMR
Int.
DMI,
lb
/d
1.88
1.60
2.68
2.68
0.08
0.10
<0.001
0.10
Starter Intake,
lb
/d
0.88
0.60
0.41
0.40
0.08
0.10
<0.001
0.12
ADG,
lb
/d
0.69
0.56
1.60
1.240.130.09<0.0010.44G/F0.280.310.560.470.070.630.0020.35Water intake, lb/d2.361.963.775.840.530.20<0.0010.05Wit. g in/d0.070.080.050.080.010.38<0.0010.09Girth g in/d0.100.070.130.100.020.220.180.96
Results (Preweaning d 2-42)Slide17
Conclusions (preweaning)
Calves with starter stirred tended (P = 0.1) to consume less starter. There was a trend for a DMI interaction (P= 0.1). Calves that had their starter stirred consumed less DM if they were fed CMR, but not if they were fed HPMR.
Calves fed HPMR consumed more water and calves on HPMRS consumed more water than calves on CMRS who consumed less water.Slide18
Preweaning conclusions (cont.)
Calves fed HPMR gained more weight, while calves that had their starter stirred tended to gain less weight.
Calves fed HPMR were more efficient in converting DM into gain.However, calves that received HPMR were shorter.There were no effects of treatment on girth gain.Slide19
Results (d 43-49)
Item
CMR
CMRS
HPMR
HPMRS
SE
S vs. NS
HPMR vs. CMR
INT.
DMI,
lb
/d
3.89
3.29
3.74
3.83
0.21
0.25
0.37
0.12
Starter intake,
lb
/d
2.89
2.25
1.26
1.34
0.23
0.24
<0.001
0.14
ADG,
lb
/d
1.89
2.07
2.34
1.880.330.690.670.35G/F0.490.630.690.500.110.840.720.17Water intake, lb/d6.354.124.815.490.820.450.920.14Wit.g in/d0.120.200.160.070.020.330.330.15Slide20
Conclusions (Weaning week)
Starter intake remained elevated for calves fed CMR.
No effect of treatment on water intake, ADG, feed efficiency, height or girth gain.No effect of stirring on any of these parameters.Slide21
Results (d 50-63)
Item
CMR
CMRS
HPMR
HPMRS
SE
S vs NS
HPMR vs CMR
INT.
Starter intake,
lb
/d
4.84
4.33
3.49
3.95
0.35
0.94
0.02
0.18
ADG,
lb
/d
1.91
2.03
2.40
2.02
0.40
0.76
0.56
0.54
G/F
0.45
0.48
0.71
0.48
0.15
0.490.410.39Water intake, lb/d13.611.012.012.40.900.250.900.12Wit. Gin/d0.090.080.070.090.010.460.880.21Girth gin/d0.070.090.070.110.020.170.680.68Slide22
Postweaning Conclusions (d 50-63)
Starter intake remained elevated for claves fed CMR.
No effect on another parameter measured.Slide23
Overall conclusions
Stirring starter did not result in any measurable improvements.
HPMR increased performance during the preweaning phase as observed in other studies.Slide24
Acknowledgements
NH AES.
Fairchild Dairy Research CenterLand O’LakesGeorge Walker Milk FundFernald Farm, Nottingham Slide25
Questions