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[Insert name & title][insert organization][insert date]

Cancer Education 2014

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What is Cancer?

The result of out-of-control growth of abnormal cells

Normal body cells grow, divide and die in an orderly fashion

Cancer cells continue to grow and divide, instead of dying

They outlive normal cells and continue to form new abnormal cells

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Types of Cancer

Carcinomas

The most common type of cancer

Sarcomas

Lymphomas

Leukemias

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What’s in a N

ame?

Primary Site

Place where cancer starts

Metastasize

Can spread to other parts of the body

Naming

Always named for the place it began

If breast cancer spreads to the liver it is still called breast cancer (Not liver)

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Cancer in Numbers

Second most common cause of death in U.S.

Heart Disease is #1

Half of all men, and a third of all women, will develop cancer during their lifetime

Approximately 2 in 5 Hoosiers now living will eventually have cancer

Cost of Cancer

$216.6 Billion (2009)

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Cancer in Numbers

Estimated New Cancer Cases for 2014

US – 1,665,540

IN – 35,560

Estimated Deaths for 2014

585,720 Americans

Nearly one in every four deaths

13,370 Hoosiers

23% of all Hoosier deaths in 2013

Estimated New Cases in Indiana for 2014

Female Breast – 4,590

Cervical – 260

Colon– 3,020

Melanoma – 1,550

Lung

/Bronchus –

5,540

Prostate – 4,390

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Risk Factors and Risk R

eduction

Nearly all cancers of the lung, bladder,

mouth,

and skin could be prevented

Many cancer

deaths

(50-75%) are

related to personal behaviors or habits

30

% or more of all cancer deaths related to cigarette smoking

30

% of all cancer deaths in the U.S. are related to poor nutrition & inactivity leading to

obesity

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Strategies for Cancer P

revention

Stop using tobacco!

Maintain a reasonable

weight

Adopt a physically active

lifestyle

Eat a healthy diet, with a focus on plant fruits and vegetables. The more

C

O

L

O

R

the more

nutrients.

Increase fiber and reduce

fat

Limit alcohol

consumptionLimit exposure to the sun

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Lifestyle Behaviors

Affect Our

R

isk

for C

ancer

Of all Indiana adults

22% of adults smoke (2013)

65% are considered overweight or obese (2013)

56% of adults get less than 150 minutes of physical activity a week (2013)

Of all Indiana High School Students

13.7% smoke (2013)

14% Overweight/obese (2011)

44% 60 minutes of Physical Activity a day (2011)

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Why is weight so important

?

Weight contributes to 188,000 cancer deaths each year

.

One-third of the cancer deaths are attributed to

poor nutrition

,

physical inactivity

,

overweight

and

obesity

.

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Early Detection/Screening

Looking for cancer

BEFORE

there are

symptoms

May identify early cases of cancer that might never have become clinically apparent

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What can you do?

Have annual physicals

(

Pap test, CBE, skin

exams, vaccinations)

Avoid

alcohol and tobacco

products

Limit exposure to direct

sunlight

Be aware of your body!

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What is Testicular C

ancer?

Testicular cancer is cancer in one or both

testicles

It usually occurs in young

men

This type of cancer can be treated and very often

cured

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Testicular Cancer Facts

American Cancer Society estimated that there will be

8,820 new cases

of testicular cancer in 2014

An estimated

380 men

will die of testicular cancer in 2014

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Types

of Testicular Cancer

More than 90% of cancers of the testicle develop in special cells known as

germ cells

.

These are the cells that make sperm. There are

two

main types of germ cell tumors

in

men:

Seminomas

Non-seminomas

Many testicular cancers contain both seminoma and non-seminoma cells.

These

mixed germ cell tumors

are treated as non-seminomas because they grow and spread like non-seminomas.

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Risk Factors

AgeAbout 9 of 10 occur in men 20-54 years of age.

It can affect males of all ages (including infants and elderly men

)

Early Puberty

Men who mature early have a higher risk due to high hormone levels

Family History

If a family history then higher risk of developing the cancer

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Risk Factors

Body Size/Type

Some studies have found that taller men have a somewhat higher risk, but others have not

Race

White men have 5-10 times higher risk than African-American men, and more than twice that of Asian-American men

Undescended

Testicles

More

likely to develop in men whose testicles have not

descended (3-17 times more likely)

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Undescended Testicle

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Warning Signs

Small

hard, painless lump on the front or side of the testicle

Swelling

or tenderness in the body (groin, breast or neck

)

Sudden collection of fluid or blood in the scrotum

Change

in the way the testicle

feels

Enlarged testicle

Dull ache in the groin

Back pain/Upset Stomach

Urinary

Problems

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Testicular Self Awareness

Men need to be aware of testicular cancer and to see a doctor right away if they find a lump on a testicle.

Regular testicular self-exams have not been studied enough to show if they lower the risk of dying from this cancer.

Men with risk factors, such as an undescended testicle, previous testicular cancer, or a family member who has had this cancer should seriously think about monthly self-exams. If you have risk factors, talk it over with a doctor.

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Testicular self exam

Once a month

After a shower, examine each testicle gently with both hands

It is NORMAL for one testicle to be larger than the other

Should not feel any pain when doing the exam

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Examine each testicle with both hands

Place the index and middle fingers under the testicle with the thumbs on top

Roll the testicle gently between the thumbs and fingers

Find the epididymis (soft tube-like structure behind the testicle)

Become familiar with this structure so as not to confuse it for a lump

Cancerous lumps are usually found on the sides of the testicle but can be up front

If you feel a lump or have other signs see a doctor right away

Testicular Self-Exam

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Skin Cancer Facts

There are

three types

of skin

cancer

Early

detection and treatment are

very

important with

all

types cancer

More than

TWO

million

cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year

.

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Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Basal Cell (Most common form)

80

% of new skin cancer cases

90% found on the head, neck, and other high exposure areas

High

cure rate

Once diagnosed

40

% chance of getting another basal cell cancer within

five years

Squamous Cell (2

nd

most common form)

90

% cure rate

More than 300,000 new cases diagnosed annually

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Melanoma

Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer

One

American dies of melanoma

every

hour

Melanoma

is the most common form of cancer for 25-29 year-olds

The

second most common form of cancer for 15-29

year-olds

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Melanoma

76,690 expected new diagnoses in 2013

Ten times more common in whites than African-Americans

Before age of 40

Rates are higher in women

After age of 40

Rates are almost two times higher in men

Rates are increasing by almost 3% per year since 2004

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Melanoma Survival Rate

Five year survival rate is 99% (if tumor is spotted when only a spot on the skin

Five year survival rate drops to 15% if the fast growing cancer has spread

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Avoid Sun Damage

Wear hats and protective clothing when in the

sun

Do

NOT visit tanning booths. Their effects can be as dangerous as the sun’s UV

rays

Wear

sunscreen that protects from both UVA and UVB rays and use an SPF of 30 or

higher (Natural

ingredients like zinc oxide are

helpful)

Seek

shade during the hours of 10:00 am to 4:00 pm if you do not have access to protective

clothing

Wear

sunglasses to protect against ocular

melanoma

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Skin Cancer S

ummary

Look for new

spots

About 70% do not emerge from moles

Women watch your LEGS

Women tend to get melanomas on their legs and calves

Guys should monitor the top of your ears and head especially closely

Many

hats for men don't shade the ears, and balding men often forget to protect their hairless pates. Both are common sites for squamous and basal cell carcinoma

.

Don't

overlook the places where the sun doesn't

shine

Many

melanomas show up in armpits, hands, belly buttons, underneath hair, the bottom of the feet, and other places that don't get much direct

light

Have

a second pair of eyes

look

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Breast Cancer Facts

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer found in women in the United

States

It

is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death among women age

40-59

1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their

lifetime

When

breast cancer is confined to the breast the 5 year survival rate is over 98

percent

A

woman dies from breast cancer every 74 seconds around the

world

Men

can

get breast

cancer!

Rare, but does happen.

2,000

men will be diagnosed this year, 400 will die (Nationally)

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Risk factors do not cause breast

cancer

Risk factors are

associated

with an

increased chance

of getting breast

cancer

Some risk factors can be controlled and others can

’

t be

changed

Risk Factors

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Risk Factors

Two Major Risk Factors

Being a Woman

Getting Older

Other Risk Factors?

Modifiable factors can lower risk

Breastfeeding, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy body weight

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Breast Cancer Symptoms in Men

Possible symptoms of breast cancer to watch for include:

A lump or swelling, which is usually (but not always) painless

Skin dimpling or puckering

Nipple retraction (turning inward)

Redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin

Discharge from the

nipple

I

f

you notice any breast changes, you should see your health care professional as soon as possible. 

Slide40

HPV and Cancer

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus.

Most

sexually active people in

the U.S.

will have HPV at some time in their lives.

There

are more than 40 types of HPV that are passed on through sexual contact.

These

types can infect the genital areas of men, including the skin on and around the penis or anus. They can also infect the mouth and throat.

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HPV and Cancer

Cancers of the penis, anus and oropharynx are uncommon, and only a subset of these cancers are actually related to HPV. Each year in the U.S. there are about

:

400

men who get HPV-related cancer of the penis

1,500

men who get HPV-related cancer of the anus

5,600

men who get cancers of the oropharynx (back of throat

)

Many

of these cancers

are also

related to tobacco and alcohol

use

Slide42

HPV and Cancer

Currently, there is no HPV test recommended for men.

The

only approved HPV tests on the market are for screening women for cervical cancer.

They

are not useful for screening for HPV-related cancers or genital warts in men.

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HPV Vaccination

HPV

vaccine

available boys and men ages 11-26

Can protect against

the types of HPV that most commonly cause problems in

men

CDC recommendation

All

boys ages 11 or

12

Men through

age 21, who have not already received all three

doses

The

HPV vaccine is very safe and

effective

Studies

show that the vaccine can protect men against genital warts and anal cancers.

Other protections likely, including cancers of the penis and oropharynx (back of throat, including base of tongue and tonsils

)However, no vaccine studies for these outcomes

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Possible Signs of Cancer

C

hange in

bowel

or bladder habits

A

sore that does not heal

U

nusual bleeding or discharge

T

hickening or lumps in breast or elsewhere

I

ndigestion or problems with swallowing

O

bvious change on

wart

or mole

N

agging cough or hoarseness

Several types of cancer MAY NOT provide symptoms before they cause changes in the body

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Remember

Have annual physicals (Pap test, CBE, skin exams).

Avoid

alcohol and tobacco products (including secondhand smoke).

Limit

exposure to direct sunlight.

Know

your body

!