Kevin Rolfe Education Representative Salt River Project Sarah Sleasman 4 th Grade teacher Excelencia Elementary Robin Inskeep STEM Coach Tolleson School District Agenda Introductions and logistics ID: 684437
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Exploring Electricity and Magnetism Presented by SRP
Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Salt River Project
Sarah Sleasman- 4
th
Grade teacher,
Excelencia
Elementary
Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach,
Tolleson
School DistrictSlide2
Agenda Introductions and logistics
Basics of MagnetismElectromagnetsBasics of ElectricitySimple, Series, and Parallel CircuitsElectricity GenerationWrap up and ResourcesSlide3
Basics of MagnetismSlide4
1st Magnetism Activity
“Magnetic Characteristics”Procedures:
Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from
Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet
Test their predictions with a magnetSlide5
What is Magnetism?
Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickelCan be permanent or temporarySlide6
Magnetism Basics
S
N
Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles
Opposite poles attract
Like poles repel
All magnets have
lines of force
extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them
Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit
MagnetismSlide7
Magnetic Lines of Flux
N magnet S
Magnetic Field
Magnetic lines do not cross
each other.
The lines go from North
to South on the magnet.Slide8
Magnets Attracting Each Other
Pulling
N S
N SSlide9
Magnets Opposing Each Other
N S
N S
Pushing ApartSlide10
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2
nd
Magnetism Activity
Magnetic Lines of Flux
N magnet SSlide11
The Earth is a MagnetSlide12
What are the characteristics?
North and south poles“di”-polesBreak the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets
3 dimensional field of attraction
Transfer magnetic propertiesSlide13
Magnetic DomainsSlide14
Where do magnets come from?
Nature
Man-made materials from:
Ceramic
Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt)
Flexible rubber-like material
Created using current (electricity)Slide15
3Rd Magnetism Activity
Make an electromagnet with:WireIron bolt or nailBattery 1.5volts
CompassSlide16
Uses for Magnets in Everyday Life
Homes
Door bells
Microwaves
TV’s
Speakers
Hard Drive
Electricity
Schools
Whiteboard MagnetsSlide17
4th Magnetic Activity
Paperclip Pick-upProcedures:Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc.)
Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!)
Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)Slide18
Magnetism Activities
“Magnetic Characteristics”“Lines of Flux”“Electromagnet”“Paper Clip Pick Up”
Summarize findings & Review class worksheetsSlide19
Basics of ElectricitySlide20
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Safety Note
Always be careful around electricity.
Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity.
Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less)
Take care to prevent shorts on batteries
Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short)
Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use
Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries or generators.Slide21
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Electricity Basics
Electricity is…..
The flow of electrons
The energy supplied by batteries and generators (current electricity)
The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity)
A bolt of lightning! (static electricity)Slide22
All Matter is Made up of Atoms
MATTER
(Diamond, coal)
ELEMENT
(Carbon,
Oxygen
)
ATOM
(particles)Slide23
Atoms
What is an Atom?
The smallest component in all things
Made up of three smaller particles
Protons (+)
Neutrons (no charge)
Electrons (-)
Strive for stability
Charged atom = ionSlide24
Opposites Attract
Particles with opposite charges attract each other.
Attraction
+
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_Slide25
Charged Atom (Ion)
Stable atoms have equal protons and electron
Stable atoms have no charge
Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create
stability
Stable Atom
+++
---
Positive Ion
+++
--
Negative Ion
++
- - -Slide26
Static Electricity
The imbalance of positive and negative chargesExample: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightningSlide27
Static Electricity
Start with a doorknob – no charge
Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged
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Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away.
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Static Electricity
When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.
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Static Electricity
When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity.
Now you and the doorknob have the same charge.
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1st Electricity
ActivitY
“Opposites Attract”Slide31
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2
nd
Electricity Activity
“
Fun with
Styrofoam and Tape
”Slide32
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Electricity & Ben Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
1740
’
s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges that maintain a balance except when influenced by some means.
1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge. Led to his invention of the lightning rod.Slide33
BreakSlide34
Current Electricity
Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atomTo start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. Generator BatteriesSlide35
Simulating Electric CurrentSlide36
3rd Electricity Activity
Demonstration of Electromotive Force“Flow of Electrons”Slide37
Electricity Activities
“Flow of Electrons”“Fun with Styrofoam”
Demonstration of Electromotive Force
Summarize Results & Review Class Worksheets Slide38
Electric CircuitsSlide39
What is a circuit?
A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through.Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positiveSlide40
1st Circuit Activity
Make a Simple CircuitProcedure:Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb lightAllow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light
Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit.Slide41
What makes a simple circuit?
A simple circuit consists of:A source - battery or generator
Conductors (path for current to flow)
An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnetSlide42
Open and Closed Circuits
Open CircuitClosed Circuit
A break in the pathway
Electricity cannot flow
A complete pathway
Electricity is able to flowSlide43
Circuit BallsSlide44
2nd Circuits Activity
Conductor vs. Insulator ExperimentSlide45
Conductors
Materials that pass electricity easilyExamples:Copper
Silver
Gold
Aluminum
All other metalsSlide46
Insulators
Materials that resist electricity flow
Examples:
Wood
Rubber
Porcelain
Glass
Air
Cloth
PaperSlide47
Voltage and CurrentSlide48
48
Voltage & Current
Voltage
Electric potential difference between two points
Pushes electrons
Measured in Volts
Supplied by batteries,
generators (electric outlets), fuel cells, etc.
Current
Flow of electrons
Measured in Amps
1 amp = 6,240,000,000,000,000 electrons moving past a point every second (Coulomb)Slide49
Voltage is like Pressure
WaterHigher pressure pushes water to flow fasterYou can have pressure without flow
Electricity
Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current)
You can have voltage without current
Pressure
PressureSlide50
Current is like water flow
WaterFlow of waterThe pressure determines how fast the water moves through the pipe
There is no water flow without pressure
Electricity
Flow of electrons
The voltage determines how fast the electrons move through the wire
There is no current without voltage
Flow
FlowSlide51
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Electricity & Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison (1847-1931)
1870
’
s – invented the first commercially practical incandescent light with a carbon filament.
1880 – Edison founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company the first electric utility in New York City.Slide52
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Circuits:
Series and ParallelSlide53
Series Circuit
In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another)Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in seriesWhat happens if we add another light bulb?Slide54
Series Circuit – Adding bulbs
Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer?Why would they change?What if we add a million light bulbs?Slide55
3rd Circuits Activity
Series circuit demonstrationSlide56
Parallel Circuit
By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuitWhat are the benefits? What happens if we add another bulb?Slide57
Parallel Circuit – Adding bulbs
Will the brightness of the bulbs change?Why or why not? What if we add a million bulbs?Slide58
4TH Circuits Activity
Parallel circuit demonstrationSlide59
Moving Electrons
Trade out your battery with a hand-crank generator.What’s generating your electromotive force now?Slide60
How Do You Get Electricity?Slide61
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Questions to Ponder
How can you use this in your classroom?
What would you revise?
What would come next?Slide62
Review:
Basics of MagnetismExploring MagnetsMagnetic CharacteristicsFerromagnetic materialsLines of Force/Flux – The Magnetic FieldElectromagnets
Magnets in Everyday LifeSlide63
Review:
Basics of Electricity:SafetyFlow of ElectronsOpposite charges attractStatic ElectricityCurrent ElectricitySlide64
Review:
Electric Circuits:Simple CircuitsOpen and Closed CircuitsConductors and InsulatorsSeries CircuitsParallel CircuitsVoltage and CurrentSlide65
Free workshops and MaterialsSlide66
EvaluationsPlease take a moment to fill out the evaluation in the back of your folder
Don’t forget your certificate in the back of the roomTHANK YOU!!Slide67
Questions?
Kevin RolfeSRP Community Outreach
Education Representative
(602) 236-2798
Kevin.Rolfe@srpnet.com