Unit 6 Motivation Part I Instinct Drive Reduction amp Arousal How many can your remember in 30 seconds Blue plant nice teacher Red animal mean pencil Green tree rude pen ID: 432997
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Slide1
P
SYCH
–
Unit
6
:
Motivation Part I - Instinct, Drive Reduction, & ArousalSlide2
How many can your remember in 30 seconds?
Blue plant nice teacherRed animal mean pencil
Green tree rude penOrange mango awesome paperPurple tall nuts shirt
Apple short christmas
Banana water presentsPsychology math schoolSlide3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PLC216DD2E3F81AE23Slide4
What is Motivation?
The impulse to do a certain action.
3 Theories:
Instinct Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Arousal TheorySlide5
COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION:
Motive
- a
stimulus
that
moves
a person
toward
a behavior designed to achieve a specific goal.
Need
- a
lack
of
something that one requires or desires.Drive - a force that pushes a person to act.Incentive - a force that pulls a person toward a particular behavior. Emotions - the states of the body and mind associated with feelings. Motivation may be…conscious ("I'll need a good grade, so I'll study") or unconscious (nibbling on food while you're studying).Slide6Slide7
http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fprezi.com%2Fqc3fimgknynv%2Fpsychology-biological-and-social-needs%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGPHfhTF4i6TLiYWQSsPUq9RBFpmQSlide8
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes
&
directs behavior.
Behavior that is patterned throughout a species
&
is UNLEARNED.
Early Motivation Theories
Motivation is based on our
instincts
:Slide9
Video: Motivation - An IntroductionSlide10
Instinct Theory:
One of the oldest theories comes from the field that we know today as
E
volutionary
P
sychology
.
Charles Darwin
:
human behavior is driven by innate instinctual drives
(unlearned)
like those for some birds
& fish. However, this theory soon revealed its limitations in that it could only describe the behavior of humans but not provide an explanation.Examples: Sea Turtles, upon being born on the beach, instinctively head directly to the sea. Infants have an inborn rooting reflex that helps them seek out a nipple & obtain nourishment.Birds have an inborn need to build a nest or migrate during the winter.Slide11
"
Instinct theory
proposes that organisms engage in certain behaviors because
they lead to success in terms of natural selection.
Instinct theory casts motivation as essentially
intrinsic
&
biologically
based.
Migration
&
mating
are examples of instinctually motivated behavior in animal."
(Melucci, 2010)Slide12
"To qualify as an
instinct
, a complex behavior must have a
fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned
. Such behaviors are common in other species. Human behavior, too, exhibits certain unlearned fixed patterns, including infants' innate reflexes for rooting & sucking.
Most psychologists
, though,
view human behavior as directed by both physiological needs & psychological wants
."
(Myers, 2011)Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16
Drive-Reduction Theory
(Clark-Hull 1940s)
We are not only
pushed
by our needs...
Pulled
by our
incentive
s:
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that
motivates behavior
A
physiological need creates an aroused tension state (
a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the needHull: Humans have innate biological needs (thirst) & social needs (love)Drives compel us to satisfy our needsThe need is usually to maintain homeostasis.Slide17
T
hirst
(
need
)
feel an
internal
motivation
(
drive
)
to find water to satisfy that needDrive-Reduction Theory:Do whatever is necessary to reduce the unpleasant sensation. Humans often act counter to this. People will go on hunger strikes if they feel strongly about some cause. The motivation to not eat in this situation is greater than the biological motivation to eat. Slide18
Arousal Theory
Sometimes we
do not
seek
homeostasis
.
Sometimes we seek
arousal
.
Our needs
go beyond reducing drives
.
Stimulation
is a primary need.
Too much stimulation causes stress, so homeostatic processes are working here as well. Some people exhibit a drive towards high-risk situations that are uncomfortable without adrenaline rush. Others are content to watch and would feel uncomfortable if they were forced to engage in high-risk behaviors.Slide19
Video: Real Life Spiderman 1:41Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24
Roberta
Mancino
: ESPN E:60 "Fly Girl" 6:39