Three Geothermal Districts Drilling operation maintenance plugging and abandonment of geothermal wells on state and private lands to ensure public safety and protect underground and surface waters ID: 358070
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Six Oil and Gas DistrictsSlide3
Three Geothermal DistrictsSlide4Slide5Slide6
Drilling, operation, maintenance, plugging, and abandonment of geothermal wells on state and private lands to ensure public safety and protect underground and surface waters.
Oversight of Geothermal Well OperationsSlide7
California is the United States' largest generator of electricity from geothermal energy
650 active, high-temperature geothermal wells (with fluids over 212° F)
280 injection wells
4.5% of Electrical Energy 13k Gigawatt-hours)Slide8
Geothermal
Generate ElectricitySlide9
Geothermal
AquacultureSlide10
Geothermal
SpaSlide11Slide12
The Geysers
45 square miles
15 power plants
335 steam wells
53 injection wells
360 degree average steam temperature
75 psi average steam pressure
20,000,000 gallons/day wastewater injection
Southeast Geysers Effluent PipelineSlide13
Water LossSlide14Slide15
Make up Water
Water ReuseSlide16Slide17
State-Wide Seismicity
All Eqs 7 days
Source: usgs.govSlide18
Induced Seismicity
Source: usgs.govSlide19
Salton Sea Field
High pressure
High temperature (600 degrees Fare height)
High permeable sedimentary basin
Onshore resource potential – 1,400 MW
11 power plants operating in onshore area - 380 MW cumulative capacitySlide20
Hudson Ranch 1
Salton Sea Geothermal Plant
High temperature flash technology
First stand alone geothermal energy source plant built in Salton Sea field in last 20 years.
Three production well, four injection wells
Two wells produce 40 MW eachSlide21
Source: Power-eng.comSlide22
Plant Details
High pressure brine separator – steam flash
Steam scrubber (remove impurities)
Steam turbine
Brine sent to standard pressure crystallizer (steam separation - standard pressure steam)
Low pressure separator (final stage steam separation)
Clarifier tanks to separate out suspended silica, then reinjectedSlide23
Make-Up Water
Well produce brine
Water from Imperial Valley Irrigation District used to make-up for water lost in operations
Brine treated and
reinjectedSlide24
Geothermal’s Future
Short –Term
Long-Term
Benefits
DrawbacksSlide25
Well StimulationSlide26
What is Hydraulic Stimulation ?
Increase permeability of oil-/gas-bearing formations
Use of water, proppant, and chemicals to open fissures to allow oil/gas to flow to well
Recent development?
Combination of multi-stage HF in long, horizontal formation
“Tight” shales or other types of formations require HF
Source: http://today.uconn.edu/blog/2011/12/fracking-%E2%80%93-good-news-or-bad-for-america%E2%80%99s-energy-needs/Slide27
Hydraulic Stimulation -- Last 2 months
www.conservation.ca.govSlide28
Historic Regulation
Department of Conservation
Well Construction Standards
Focus on competent well bores
Ensure “zonal isolation”
Facilities regulation
Covers pipelines, collection/separation vessels / tanks
Includes Spill Prevention and Contingency PlanningSlide29
Interim Regulations
Requires:
Neighbor notification
Pressure testing of well and surface
equipment
Water quality monitoring plans
Disclosure of HF fluid content
Public disclosureSlide30
Permanent Regulations
Will require:
Permit from DOGGR
Neighbor notification
Pre-WST evaluation of formation & well
Monitoring during and after WST
Water quality monitoring plans and water
management plans
Public disclosure of job and chemicals used
Process for adoptionSlide31
www.conservation.ca.gov