Som Note o Cannibalis m Amon Queenslan Aborigines y - PDF document

Som Note o CannibalisAmon Queenslan Aborigines 1824-190bE G HEAP B.A1Th purpos o thes note i t endeavou t thro somligh o th prevalenc o otherwis o cannibalis amonQueenslan Aborigine i th Nineteent Century an b a searc o availabl publication an archiva materia t mak comparativ stud o Queenslan practice agains a back o cannibalisti practice i othe part o th worldI th first plac i i necessar t defin wha cannibalisis; ther bein hel i som quarter a sor o fol belie — whic i exempUfie i th typica Ulustrate "joke showincannibal preparin t feas o a fa bi gam hunte ^—thaa goo dea o cannibalis involve th eatin o Europeanb th dar races whU writer suc a Thorn i o Wester Australia Thi belief however wa i direccontras t tha o th Maori o Ne Zealan a recordeb Thomso ^ ; I i erroneou t suppos tha cannibalis wa practiseunde th convictio tha th strengt an courag o thperso eate passe int th bod o th eater N ma covete th qualitie o thos h hatedHowitt' accoun 2 o th killin an eatin b member oth Mukjarawain trib o th flesh o th thigh an uppearm o a Aborigin wh elope wit a membe o hi owtote i surel a exampl o judicial rathe tha revengecannibalismR M & C H Bernd 2 conclude tha th practic okillin th ver youn seeme t hav bee carrie ouoccasionall ove almos al Aborigina AustraUa bu thainfanticid wa no invariabl followe b eatin th flesh. Howit 2 foun instance wher youn childre wer eate bmember o th Kaur trib nea Adelaid durin harsummers an wher th flesh o youn childre o thWotjobalu trib wa eate b thei elde brother an sister mak the strong.2 H reporte als 2 tha al th tribeo th Wotj natio an o th Murra Rive frontag usea times whe a olde chil wa wea an sickly t kil itinfan brothe o siste an fee i o th flesh. Bate 2als recorde example o th practic o infan cannibalisb th deser tribe o Sout an Wester AustraUaThoma 2 recorde a cas o th Gascoign Rive i WesterAustrali wher a Aborigina gir wa kille an eate ba nativ wh decoye he away "Sh wa ver plump thobjec o killin he wa t acquir thi desirabl quality"Bleakle ^^ als referre t "rar case .. o th killin aneatin o a youn gir o a specia ritua occasion" bu hi i no documented Bate ^" wrot o thKaalurwong eas o th Boundar Da wh kille an at men women an girls Elsewher sh state ^°^ tha"wanto wome i an camp (i.e. amon th Wes Australiadeser tribes coul b lawfull kille an eaten an thima b a ke t th motivatio fo som cannibalisti practice thi natureInstance o th eatin o huma flesh b AustraliaAborigine solel fo foo wer muc rare tha thos oendo-cannibalis o reveng cannibalism Thoma ^ statetha "som black kU onl t eat bu di no provid andocumentatio fo thi observation Bate ^ reporte thhuntin an sharin o kangaro an huma mea b th o th Sout Australian-Wes Australia borderElsewher ^ sh wrot o th terribl Dowie wh whe a bowa give th flesh o fou bab sister t eat afte whic"h develope a tast fo huma foo gre an strengthenewit hi years" H "brough hom man huma bodies foh woul stal gam i murderer' slippers an h love th o man woman an chUd" Afte readin o som o actions however on feel tha thi huma monstewa no typica o th Aborigine o th area bu ther in gainsayin tha th cannibalisti act ^'^ describe hereundeb Bate contai element o compulsiv cannibalis an diffefro typica act o simpl reveng cannibalismI us th wor canniba advisedly Everyon o thesnative wa a cannibal Cannibalis ha it loca nam Kimberle t Eucla an throug al th unoccupiecountr eas o it an ther wer man grisl rite attachethereto Huma mea ha alway bee thei favourit foodan ther wer killin vendetta fro tim immemorialI orde tha th killin shoul b safe murderers slippero pad wer made emu-feather twiste an twinetogether boun t th foo wit huma hair o whicth native wal an ru a easil a a whit ma irunnin shoes thei fee leavin n track Dus an wer th customar hour fo raidin a campVictim wer share accordin t th law Th olde meat th sof an viril parts an th brain swif runnerwer give th thighs hands arms an shoulder went th bes spea throwers an s on . . An wha o th killin an eatin o whit settier bAborigines Althoug th latte woul hav ha ever reasot aveng themselve agains th earl explorer an settler invadin thei triba territorie — an ofte di s — instance o thi typ o cannibaUs wer comparativel rareLumholt ^^ however wrot o a whit policema i Victoriwh wa felle wit club b Aborigines wh the removehi kidneys presumabl fo th purpos o eatin th fat bu n furthe detail o thi inciden wer supplied ^ recordeon instanc o cannibaUs a a whit man' expensea shepher . . . foun dea i th countr t th westwardwit hi thig cu awayI additio whit me wer sai t hav bee kille an eateb Aborigine i th "spinife qountry"IlHer the i th backgroun fo a examinatio o writingan record abou Nineteent Centur cannibalis amon thAborigine o wha i no th Stat o Queensland Fro thi pattern i ma b possibl t mak a binarclassificatio o cannibalisti practice accordin t motivatio non-physica an physical vid Figur 1AUSTRALIA ABORIGINECannibalis - MotivatioMon-PhvslcaPhysicaAbsorptio o lif Substanc , BURIAPIETISTIENDO-CAHNIBAIISRevengMagiJudiciaInfantilCompulsivGustativFigur 1Althoug i ma provid a superficial analysis th abovdichotom i no entirel satisfactory Th motivatio fo thact o reveng cannibalis reporte b Howit ma hav beehatre fo th falle enem an exultatio a hi downfal 2"o a belie tha th participant wer acquirin som o thcourag o th deceased.2 An wha o th cannibaUsti acto Bates' "slippere murderers" -^' Ther wa hatred anexultation ther wa th belie i th existenc o certaimagica qualities ther wa als th tast fo huma flesh tha deser tribe ha acquire ove th centuries An wha th killin an eatin o wanto wome a recorde b 30 7 Wa th reaso fo thes practice purel judiciao wa ther als presen a belie tha i eatin th fliesh oth victim the wer acquirin th sam desirabl qualit (i.eplumpness a wa covete b Thomas' 2 Gascoign RiveAborigine Fo infantil cannibalis durin har season 2th motivatio ma hav bee primaril dietetic i practise orde t increas th strengt 2 o th deceased' brotheran sister th motivatio woul hav bee partl a belie imagic o again th participant i man act o thi natur hav bee actuate partiall b a belie tha the werabsorbin th lif substanc o th chU (Se belo ^^) Thabove-recite example demonstrat tha i i no eas tpatter th cannibalisti practice o th Aborigines an t segregat the int mutuall exclusiv categoriesA migh b expecte fro th Australia pattern buriacannibalis wa th for mos commonl practise i wha i th Stat o Queensland ove a doze report o thi practicPage Twenty-six Queensland Heritage havin bee easil locate fro th Eightee Twentie t thEightee Nineties.^ Th occasion varie fro Aborigine killei triba fights, i resistin a trooper o i a braw wit a whit settler t corpse (i th cas o th Kalkadun o thhea water o th Nort Leichhardt o "frien o foe olo young eve i case wher th flesh wa visibl rotte witvenerea disease"Instance o th act o reveng cannibalis i th southerpar o th surve are ar no nearl a commo a migh bexpecte fro a stud o th Australia scene I fac Davi(Duramboi ^ reporte tha th bodie o enemie kille ibattl wer no eate i th distric o Moreto Bay O thothe hand Beardmore wh too u Tiar i th MaryborougDistric shortl afte th killin o Eames' me o tha rundescribe i hi reminiscence '^ ho on Minn Minni a FraseIslan Aborigine wa kille an eate b hi (Beardmore's shepherds wh wer Minn Minni' inveterat enemies nort Carstens ^ sa definit sign o cannibalistipractice o th easter shore o th Gul o Carpentari a a 1623 Th fac tha th buria ritua ha no bee woul appea t sho tha th motiv wa revenge Jardin "^ whil a Paralle Cree i 1864 an Mulliga ^i th Lyn Valle i 1875 mad simUa discoveriesDalrymple,*^ too sa "unmistakabl evidenc o wholesalhabitua cannibaUsm i Aborigines camp durin hi expeditioalon th "North-Eas Coast i 1873 Lumholt ^ reportetha a "stranger wh dare t trespas wa "pursue lik a beas an slai an eaten" Gribble'' recounte howearl i 1892 Aborigine a Lepe Ba kiUe an at durina corrobore thre "cannibals" wh wer fro anothe tribagroup an wh the feare menace thei safety Rot '^^ recorde tha i forme time enemie wer kille an eateo th Lowe Tull RiverTh utilizatio o kidne fa i th belie tha i conferremagica qualitie o th recipien seem t hav bee practise bot th norther an souther halve o th surve area th Maryboroug district afte th flesh ha bee eaten kidne fa wa rubbe o th point o spear an th kidneythemselve affixe thereo t mak th spear mor deadly.'*'Mr K Emmerson'*^ no residin a Chinchilla relate tha whesh wa Uvin nea th Bowe Rive i 1908 a Aboriginaemploye o he fathe wa kUle b member o a loca tribagrou an hi kidne fa eaten A instanc wa reporte *^ i th wil countr betwee th headwater o th Herberan Burdeki River a recentl a 1934 I fac fa igenera wa highl regarde fo it magica powers Howit ^recorde ho Aborigine o th "Turrba tribe rubbe i ovethei bodies Thoma ^ tha i wa rubbe o th face o th"principa medicin men" Durambo lef behin a accoun 5o ho a Aborigin woul hol a receptacl unde hi portioo flesh i orde t catc th meltin fat whic h theimbibed Lumholtz' reporte tha th Aborigine o thHerber Rive werfon o th fa o a dea foe whic i no onl eate aa delicac an a a strengthenin food bu i als carriea a amulet A smal piec i don u i gras an kepi a baske wor aroun th neck an th effec o thiis i thei opinion succes i th chase s tha the caeasil approac th gameTh practic o eatin th flesh o th ver youn followeth sam genera patter i th surve are a i th res o Writin o hi sojour i th Marooch an Noos i th Eightee Sixties Thorn ' recorde instance oth killin an eatin o youn femal Aborigina an halfcastchildren I on instanc h wa informed "I wa alway an wa no a boy" On conclude fro readinThorn tha infan cannibalis wa mos likel t tak placi thi are durin a we season whe gam wa scarce Rot ^5Kenned 57 an Lumholtz' showe tha th practic waobserve i th inlan area o Queenslan durin th Eightiean Ninetie whe foo wa i shor supply Rudde ^ noteinstance o th practic i th Maryboroug distric i th Sixties th Aborigine believin tha th spiri o chil wen bac t th mother "Mothe altogethe go 'im" support th belie tha eve whe infantil cannibalis practise durin har season a certai ritua wa observean th motivatio wa no wholl dieteticReport ar a varianc concernin th killin an eatino full grow Aborigine i th surve are fo dieteti reasonsBot Russel ^ an Broug Smyt ^ state tha durin th'Buny Bunya seaso th Aborigines cravin fo flesh wa sintens tha the wer impelle t kil on o thei numbe orde tha thei appetite migh b satisfied Thes statementwer corroborate b Coli McKenzi Frase o th KenilwortRun whe givin evidenc i 186 befor a Selec Committeo th Nativ Polic Forc an th conditio o th Aboriginegenerally.^45 Then i fact yo hav n doub tha th practic ocannibalis prevails I hav no th slightes doubi m mind46 D yo kno ho the selec a particula individualWell h i selecte b a few the pitc upo him an th first opportunit the ge hi of hi guardan knoc hi o th head . . O th othe han Howit ^ quote bot Petri an Aldridga statin tha th ide o 'fles hunger durin th bunyseaso "wa absurd" On wonders i vie o Petrie' anAldridge' denials wha woul b th sourc o foo suppl suc a larg bod o Aborigine a th en o a bunyseason whe muc o th loca faun woul hav bee drive especiall — a woul sometime b th cas i thi — i th onse o a rai perio wit it concomitan o gam coincide wit th las day o th bunyWritin o "Nort Wes Centra Queensland" Rot statetha nativ peopl wer kUle an eate i i goo conditionnumerou instance havin bee relate b Aborigine a havinoccurre i th earl days H coul find n instanc itha area however "wher an adult mal o femal ha bee fo th sol purpos o providin a repast".^ x^ samwriter o th othe hand recorde instance o cannibalisamon th Bloomfiel Rive Aborigine "sinc 1885 wheimpelle b hunger H als reporte exceptiona instance o"killin t eat o th par o th 'scru blacks o th LoweTull River Lumholt ^'^ state tha th Herber RiveAborigine sometime undertoo expedition fo th speciapurpos o obtainin 'talgoro' — tha is huma flesh. Attack mad befor sunris o smal neighbourin groups Thos di no succee i escapin wer kUle an eatenDalrymple' "^^ referenc t "wholesale habitual cannibalissout o th Endeavou Rive (se col 1 render i possibltha a leas som o thes act ma hav bee motivate b"fles hunger" Gribble' ^ "thre ol cannibals a Yarrabawh wer won t pic quarrel wit a vie t kiUin aneatin thei opponent als belon t thi category I additioLongma ^ quote Mesto a statin tha cannibalis waoccasionall welcome a a chang fro a vegetabl dietWit regar t th killin an eatin o youn wome reportei othe part o Australi b Thoma 2^ Bleakle ^o anBate 30a evidenc o thi practic i th surve are ha beesomewha scarce Rudder however reporte tha i thEightee Sixties tw youn Aborigine sough th affection oa youn Aborigina woma i th Maryboroug area Lateron o thes Aborigine waylai an speare her Th tw the a cannibalisti feast i whic the wer joine b otheAborigines Rot ^' als recorde instance o killin an eatinwomen bu di no stat th ag o th victims Accordin tQueensland Heritage Page Twenty-seven Lumholt 6 youn wome wh wer caugh i 'talgoro raidb Herber Rive Aborigine wer spared bu ol wome werkille an eaten O th Lowe Tull River a woma coulb eate a a punishmen fo leavin he husband A Aborigin"ha bee know t ea a woma t provok a quarre withe father" Th forme o thes tw Lowe Tull instancei a furthe exampl o judicia cannibalis t ad t thos b Howit 2 an Bate 30b Ther i als C MEraser' evidenc ^ o th killin o wome durin th bunyseaso an a referenc b Howit ™ t Curr' repor '' o thkUUn an eatin o a woma an a gir a Gobungo Thi was however impugne b Petrie wh considere thath woma mus hav bee kUle i a fight. Instance o th kilUn an eatin o whit peopl bAborigme i th souther par o th surve are hav provedUficul t locate Accordin t Lan ^ Gottfrie Hausmannon o th earl Germa missionaries ha a narro escapfro bein th first Europea victim a whil hi Aboriginaattacker wer endeavourin t effec a entranc t hi huo Burpengar Creek h learne tha the ha a fire kindlet roas him an h hear the observin t on anothe ithei ow language tha h wa fa an woul roas wellI September 1854 Arthu E Halloran'^3 Polic Magistratan Commissione o Crow Land fo th Wid Ba anBurnet Districts i a lette t th Attorney-Genera fo NeSout Wales reporte concernin th deat o a ma nameGeorg Brow abou thirty-thre mile fro MaryboroughI hav littl doub tha th ma Brow wa murdereb a Aborigina name Jimm alias Bill Bo — tha thfather mother an siste o Bill Bo wer presen ath murder an tha th bod o th unfortunat mawa roaste an eate b th black bu a th evidenci onl circumstantial I shal b gla t b honore wityou instruction i th cas fo wher a blac i triefo an offenc & acquitte h return t hi Distric & iha a ver ba effec upo th othe black i th distric whic h belongsI Norther Queensland th searc ha no prove s difficultTher wa first th bri "Maria ''' whic wa wrecke o a reenea Cardwel o 2 February 1872 Captai Stratman whwit severa companion ha take th ship' cutte an deserteth "Maria" lande a Ta O'Shante Point nea RockinghaBay wher al bu tw o the wer kille b th Aborigines tw wer locate b a shor part fro Cardwel whha bee searchin fo survivors Reachin th scen o thmassacre th shor part foun th ashe o Aborigina cookinfires sti hot an portion o clothing huma bone an pieceo huma flesh. Si year late th cutte "Riser "^ wa wrecke o King'Ree i th sam area Sub-inspecto o Polic Rober Johnstonan party wh wer searchin fo survivors foun th bodieo tw o th cutter' cre o thre i a nativ oven Therwer trace o fire unde th bodies whic ha bee partiallroasted Th flesh ha bee remove fro th thigh anarm o on o th bodies Corfiel "" an Meston''' botrecorde th kUlin an eatin o whit me b Aboriginedurin th Palme Rive gol rus days th forme writin oth deat o tw packer i 187 an th latte o a attaca Canniba Creek wher th bone o a speare prospectower foun a a fire afte h ha bee th victi o a cannibalistiI al part o th surve are th first whit visitor werregarde a spirits Yungi, Wunda, Muthara, Mudhere, Makoron, Pirri-wirri-kutchi — thes wer th Aboriginaname i variou localitie fo spirit o ghosts an thes th name give t th first Europea visitors I th an Wid Ba Districts th first whit me wer wit aw b th Aborigines wh i som casereceive the bac int thei triba group a bein th spirito decease ancestors Finnega '' relate how whil visitinth "Pumice-ston River i compan wit a triba group hattempte t detac himsel fro a Aborigina woma iwhos car h ha bee lef i orde t watc a fight i a speciall prepare "pit"She however followe me callin ou an weepingupo whic on o th me o ou trib cam u t meand takin m hand le m u t th pit . . Th ma whha brough m t th pi stil continue t hol m handan I observe hi whol bod trembl lik a aspe leafWithi a fe years however th Aborigine i thi are halos thei feeling o aw fo thes "spirits" an a times weraccordin the th sam hostil treatmen a di th northerAborigines Tha mor whit me wer kiUe an eate ith norther hal o th surve are tha i th southerportio i du t th fac tha reveng cannibalis wa i th Nort t a greate degre '' tha i th WidBa an Ivioreco DistrictsTha Aborigina attitude toward earl whit visitor coulvar fro triba grou t triba grou eve withi a smal arewa evidence b th divers treatmen accorde t threseparat group o castaway fro th "Maria" Th me froth "Maria's cutte wer kUle an eaten thos fro a smalraf wer killed bu no eaten whil thos wh survive thordea o a large raf wer treate wit extrem kindness Aborigina rescuer weepin sorrowfull o biddin farewel th castawaysFinally wha wa th reaso why whe th Aborigine haever justification accordin t thei ow laws fo celebratinth killin o th earl whit invader b eatin thei flesh, thnumbe o whit me eate wa exceedingl smal i proportio th tota numbe killed thi bein tru eve i area wher cannibalis wa th accepte practice AlexandeKenned ^ quote Inspecto Urquhart o th Nativ Policea statin tha th Aborigine o th Palme Rive are preferreth flesh o Chinese hundred o who wer kille whe t th goldfield i th Eightee Seventies t tha oEuropeans Beardmor ^^ o Tiar pu thi questio t hiAborigina shepherds Thei repl wa "to muc salt lik imacon" Thi wa corroborate b Urquhar an Lumholt *i Nort Queensland an b Frase * o th Mar RiverBate ^" reporte th sam o th deser tribe o Wes AustraUai wa th sam wit primitiv race elsewher ^5 The disUketh tasteREFERENCE1 Thorne Ebenezer Quee o th Colonies P 3272 Hogg Garry Cannibalis an huma sacrifice P 1683 Basedow H. Th Australia aboriginal P 1684 Hogg Garry Cannibalis an huma sacrifice Pp 22-405 Grayland E. Coast o treachery Pp 22-276 Thomson Arthu S. Th Stor o Ne Zealand Vol 1 P 1417 Hogg Garry Cannibalis an huma sacrifice Pp 13-168 Herodotus Th Historie o Herodotus Lond. Oxford 196Bk in P 176 P 182 P 206Komroff Manuel .e^. Th Histor o Herodotus N.Y. Tudor 1939Bk L P 80 Bk IV P 212Herodotus Historia Libe I Sectio 189 Strabo Th Geograph o Strabo Vol 2 P 2599a Josephus Th Jewis Wa an othe selections P 29010 Hogg Garry Cannibalis an huma sacrifice P 14Thi o cours i no cannibalis accordin t th definitio quotefro th O.E.D11 Ibid Pp 14-16 Se als th accoun o th Sawne Bean famili Maine C E — Th World' stranges crimes Lond. Odhams196712 Vide fo exampl Sinor Denis Histor o Hungary P 179Se als th exampl o judicia cannibalis i revers o P 14 otha work Instance o cannibalis ar sai t hav occurre durin Russia Revolution vid Borodi N.M — On ma i hi timP 3 an Kravchenk — I chos freedom P 31 Se als HelmPage Twenty-eight Queensland Heritage 13141516171819202122232425262728293030aSOf3132333435363738P J. Histor o Europ 1450-1660 P 22 an Ogg D.Europ i th Seventeent Century P 168 fo instance o thpractic o cannibalis durin th Thirt Years WarHutton J H. Th Canniba complex In Folldor Vol LIVP 284Bemdt R M & C H. Th Worl o th Australians Pp 400-403Howitt A W. Th Nativ Tribe o Sout Eas Australia P 448Sunday Mail: 26t November 1939McCarthy F D — Australia' Aborigines thei lif an cultureP 166Howitt A W.Ibid P 753Ibid P 751 P 752Thomson A SHowitt A W.op ci P 751-2Vol 1 P 147Th Stor o Ne Zealandop ci P 247Berndt R M & C H. Th Worl o th Australians P 403Howitt A W. op ci P 749Ibid P 749Ibid P 750Bates D. Th Passin o th Aborigines Pp 107 144 159Thomas N W. Th Native o Australia P 109Blealcley J W. Th Aborigine o Australia P 63Bates D. op ci P 122Ibid P 147Thomas N W. op ci P 108Bates D. op ci P 122Ibid P 144Ibid P 195Lumholtz C — Amon Cannibals P 272Bates D. op ci P 121Ibid P 144 E. Lette t M L in Courier 3r Oct. 1872Fysh H. Tamin th North Pp 133 182 189 212Howitt A W. Th Nativ tribe o Sout Eas Australia Pp 752755 753Knight J I. I th earl days P IIILang I D. Coolcsland P 425 428Mathew I. Tw representativ tribe o Queensland P 94O.S.A COL/A191 In-lette 1 o 187 an attache letter andepositionsRoth Ethnologica studie amon th North-West-Centra AboriginesP 166Rudder E F. Cannibalis i Queensland in Th Scienc o ManVo 2 -April 18-99 P 40Byerley F J. ed.: Narrativ o th Overlan expeditio o thMessr Jardin fro Rockhampto t Cap York P 12Uniacke J. Narrativ o Oxley' expeditio t surve Por Curtiin Field Barron Geographica memoir o Ne Sout WalesP 74Porter lames Earl recolection [sic] o a ol han i Queenslan[typescript. P 939 Lang J D. Cooksland P 42940 Beardmore G O. Glimpse o earl Australia P 1041 Jack R L Northmos Australia P 4242 Ibid P 29243 Ibid P 45343a Dalrymple G E. Narrativ an report o th Queenslan NorthEas Coas expedition 187 in Queenslan — Vote an Proceeding187444 Lumholtz C Amon cannibals P 176 Se als tw furtheinstance o pag 27445 Gribble E R. Fort year wit th Aborigines P 164-5505146 Roth Walte E. Nort Queenslan Ethnograph Bulletin P 247 Howitt A W. op cit P 75348 Letter fro Mr K Emmerso t th writer49 Registr o Norther Suprem Court Townsville Case 37 an 37o 1934I th cas o th tw Nort Queenslan instance reporte oPag 2 wher Aborigine wer kille an thei kidney-fa eatenth write consider tha investigation coul b mad wit advantago th belie b loca whit residents tha th tw victim habee s treate becaus o thei allege violatio o triba law t womenHowitt A W. op cit P 752Thomas A W. op cit P 11052 Lang J D. Cooksland P 42753 Lumholtz C op cit P 27254 Thome E. Quee o th Colonies P 32755 Roth Walte E. Nort Queenslan Ethnograph Bulletin No 3P 3056 Lumholtz C Op cit Pp 134 254 27357 Fysh H. Tamin th North P 13358 Rudder E F. Cannibalis i Queensland In Th Scienc o ManVol 2 1899 P 4059 Russell H S. Genesi o Queensland P 296-760 Broug Smyth R. Th Aborigine o Victoria IntroductioP XXXVIII61 Queensland Vote an Proceedings 1861 P 40862 Howitt A W. op cit P 75563 Roth Walte E. op cit P 3064 Lumholtz C op cit Pp 271-265 Gribble E R. op cit Pp 164-566 Longman H A. Th Queenslan Aborigines P 1067 Roth Walte E. op cit P 268 Lumholtz C op cit P 27169 Queensland Vote an Proceedings 1861 P 40870 Howitt A W. op cit P 75471 Curr E M. Th Australia Aborigines Vol III P 12072 Lang J D. op cit P 43073 Q.S.A CC 3/G P 178 Lette 54/11374 Q.S.A COL/ 172 In-lette 181 o 187 an attache letteran depositions75 Q.S.A JUS/N59 Inques 24 o 187876 Corfield W H. Reminiscence o Queensland P 6477 Meston A. Tragedie o th Palme in Australia Cuttin BooNo 6 P 8078 Uniacke John Narrativ o M Oxley' Expeditio in Field Barroned Geographica Memoir o Ne Sout Wales P 7079 Se abov P 2780 Fysh H. Tamin th North P 148-9op cit P 27381 Beardmore G O. op cit P 1082 Fysh H. Tamin th North P 148-9Lumholtz C op cit P 27383 Queenslan — Vote an Proceedings 1861 P 40884 Bates D. Passin o th Aborigines P 14485 Se fo exampl Grayland E — Coast o treacheryTh write wishe t acknowledg hi indebtednes t G Hog fogenera informatio o th practic o cannibalis throughou th worlwhic appear i hi boo 'Cannibalis an huma sacrifice an tR M an C H Bernd fo thei valuabl analysi o th cannibalistipractice o Australia Aborigme i thei work Th Worl o thAustralians' Gratefu acknowledgemen i als mad fo th usefu receive fro th Archives th Oxle Memoria Library an Publi Librar o Queenslan durin th preparatio o thi articleSe als Lumholtz CP 45Queensland Heritage Page Twenty-nine