Unit 7: Creative Media Sector - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Unit 7: Creative Media Sector

7:1 – Understand the structure and ownership of the media sector.Slide2

In this PowerPoint, I will explain the differences between a public broadcasting model, BBC, and a commercial broadcasting model, Sky; I will also look at the positives and negatives of each.

IntroductionSlide3

A public broadcasting service is a television, radio, and/or other electronic media outlet whose main purpose is to serve the public. Public broadcasters receive funding from multiple sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing and commercial financing.Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated, depending on the country and/or the station. In some countries, public broadcasting is run by a single organization. Other countries have multiple public broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages. Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries; however the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century.

Public Broadcasting Model - BBCSlide4

Positives of the Public Broadcasting ModelThe broadcaster is there to serve the public.

The broadcasting channels are used to promote active citizenship* via information from news and educational programmes.

Channels have a wide variety of diverse and innovative shows.Broadcasters see regulations as a way to maintain quality.

Negatives of the Public Broadcasting Model

Broadcasters are not always immune from pressure from outside sources such as government.

*Active

citizenship refers to a philosophy in which members of a country have certain rights, roles and responsibilities to their society

.

Positives

and NegativesSlide5

Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is when a television, radio, and/or other electronic media outlets(s) are part of a privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsored group. The main purpose of commercial broadcasting is to make money for the owners and stockholders.It was the United States’ first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model in Europe during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, until the 1980s.

Commercial Broadcasting Model – SkySlide6

Positives of the Commercial Broadcasting ModelBroadcasters encourage viewers to enjoy themselves.

Broadcasters like Sky have aired iconic shows such as Game of Thrones and Boardwalk Empire.

Broadcasters like Sky have a wide range of channels available to even viewers who aren’t paying to get the full package.

Negatives of the Commercial Broadcasting Model

Innovation is often seen as a threat to standardized yet profitable tactics.

Broadcasters can sometimes see regulation as an interference.

People have to pay approximately £60 a month to access all the channels Sky endorses.

Positives and NegativesSlide7

A public broadcasting model is more focused on providing the audience with high quality programmes while a commercial broadcasting model is more concerned about a large selection of channels and shows, regardless of quality, and generate profits.Comparing ModelsSlide8

Public Broadcasting ModelA public broadcaster receives their funding from a television licence fee or in some cases individual contributions, government funding and/or commercial sources like merchandise. Public broadcasters do not rely on advertising as much as commercial broadcasters, or at all; this allows public broadcasters to air programmes that are not interrupted by commercials and air shows that may not appeal to the mass market such as public affairs shows, radio and television documentaries, and educational programmes.

Commercial Broadcasting ModelCommercial broadcasting is primarily funded through the airing radio advertisements and television advertisements. Other methods of income generation include subscription-based services which means that anyone who want access to all (or most) of the channels a broadcasters has to offer then they would have to pay a monthly or annual fee.Income GenerationSlide9

BBCDoctor Who – Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC.Top Gear – Top Gear is a British television motoring themed entertainment series produced by the BBC.BBC News – BBC News is an operational business division of the BBC responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

EastEnders – EastEnders is a British television soap opera show produced by the BBC.Newsnight – Newsnight is a weekday BBC Television current affairs programme produced by the BBC.Sky [Atlantic]Game of Thrones – Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series adapted from George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire for HBO in America.

Boardwalk Empire – Boardwalk Empire is an American period drama series from the American cable channel HBO.The Borgias – The Borgias is a historical-fiction drama television series, it debuted in 2011 and was canceled in 2013.

Flagship ProgrammesSlide10

RegulationsSlide11

The BBC is regulated by two governing bodies, the BBC Trust and Ofcom.BBC TrustThe BBC Trust is one of the governing bodies of the BBC. The organisation is independent of the BBC’s management or any external bodies.

The goals of the trust include:To ensure the BBC remains independent, resisting pressure and influence from external sources.To ensure the BBC's management delivers public value by providing distinctive services of the highest quality to all the people and all the communities across the United Kingdom.

Public Broadcasting ModelGoverning BodiesSlide12

Ofcom (Office of Communications) is a government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom. Unlike the BBC Trust, Ofcom has the ability to regulate all UK Television and radio channels like Channel 4, ITV, etc.Ofcom has the power to regulate the BBC's television and radio services aimed at audiences in the UK, but not the World Service which is grant-in-aid funded. Ofcom's Broadcasting Code applies in the following areas:

Protection of under 18sHarm and OffenceAvoidance of inciting crime or disorderResponsible approach to religious content

Prohibition of use of images of very brief duration Fairness

Privacy

OfcomSlide13

Sky is regulated by Ofcom, although Ofcom can only regulate Sky channels that are aired in the UK. Sky additionally regulates itself and allows customers to send in complaints to its website.Commercial Broadcasting ModelSlide14

ETHICAL AND Legal ConstraintsSlide15

Throughout the BBC’s long history there have been MANY controversies, these have ranged from political to cultural.Here are some of the most notable incidents:Top gear

The popular motoring-themed show, Top Gear has become somewhat infamous for igniting controversy, one of the most notable being:Mexican MockeryDuring the second episode of series sixteen, the presenters mocked the Mexican sports car on justification of it being designed in Mexico, during this the presenters made several jokes about Mexican stereotypes, Clarkson ended the conversation by saying that the Mexican ambassador to Britain would be too lazy to make any kind of complaint, this prompted the Mexican ambassador, Eduardo Medina Mora, to write to the BBC.

News Report on the controversy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jv15XKToVI

History of

Controversies

Top GearSlide16

The CBBC children's television show, Blue Peter, has had quite a few controversies in its recent history. Here are a few:Richard Bacon FiredIn October 1998, Richard Bacon had his contract terminated mid-run, after he admitted to taking cocaine, Lorraine Heggessey, the Head of BBC Children's programmes at the time, apologised on air for the incident.

Fake Phone Competition WinnerIt was revealed by the BBC that a phone-in competition supporting the UNICEF "Shoe Biz Appeal", held on 27 November 2006, was rigged. The competition was rigged due to a technical error with receiving the calls. A child visiting the studio pretended to be the winning caller who had won the phone-in. She also went on to say that the programme would not feature premium rate telephone competitions in the future. This resulted in Blue Peter being fined £50,000 by Ofcom.

“Socksgate”Blue Peter hit the headlines again in September 2007 when an online vote on Blue Peter website took place to choose the name of the new Blue Peter kitten in January but due to problems with the voting system the staff overruled the decision to call the cat “Cookie”, the name chosen by the voters, and the kitten was instead “Socks”. As a result of the negative media coverage the original cat, Socks, was joined by another kitten named Cookie.

Blue

PeterSlide17

On 18 October 2008, BBC Radio 2 broadcasted a pre-recorded episode of The Russell Brand Show which featured the host Russell Brand and his guest Jonathan Ross leaving several messages on Andrew Sachs’ answering machine, including explicit comments about Brand's relationship with Sachs's granddaughter, Georgina Baillie.After the show aired, the BBC received over a 1,000 complaints over the offensive material and the fact that it was allowed to be broadcasted, by October 30th the number of complaints had reached 30,000.

AftermathThe BBC apologised to license fee payers specifically to Sachs and Baillie.Jonathan Ross was suspended without pay for 12 weeks on 30th October and Russell Brand and Lesley Douglas, Controller of Radio 2, resigned from the BBC.Ofcom fined the BBC £150,000 of breaking the Ofcom Broadcasting Code

.Ofcom’s Full Adjudicationhttp://

stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/enforcement/content-sanctions-adjudications/BBCRadio2TheRussellBrandShow.pdf

SachsgateSlide18

The News International phone-hacking scandal otherwise known as "Hackgate" is a controversy involving the now defunct News of the World and other British newspapers published by News International, a subsidiary of the then-News Corporation. Employees of the newspapers were accused of hacking the phones of murdered schoolgirl Milly Dowler, relatives of deceased British soldiers, and victims of the 7/7 London bombings and bribing police officers. The scandal resulted in the News of the World being closed down and an ongoing inquiry

.Commercial Broadcasting ModelSlide19

After comparing a public model (BBC) to a commercial model it is clear that the commercial model is designed to be run like a business with the goal being profits rather than public service. A public model on the other hand is more focused informing and entertaining the public.While the BBC has a small amount of channels compered to Sky, it aims to have quality over quantity and as seen with the flagship programmes above, the BBC has a more diverse range of shows compared to Sky.

ConclusionSlide20
Slide21

Bethesda Softworks is an American video game publisher company and is a subsidiary of ZeniMax Media. The company was founded in by Christopher Weaver and was originally based in Bethesda, Maryland, and eventually moved to their current location in Rockville, Maryland. In 2001, Bethesda Softworks became a publisher and the newly created Bethesda Game Studios became the developer of their games.

INFORMATIONSlide22

Todd Howard Todd Howard is the Creative Director and Executive Producer at Bethesda Softworks. He has been involved on the development with the critical acclaim The Elder Scrolls series and Fallout 3.Key IndividualsSlide23

Pete HinesPete Hines is the vice president of Bethesda Softworks and is in charge of public relations (PR) and marketing of games published by Bethesda.Key IndividualsSlide24

The main sources of income for Bethesda Softworks are:~Games~Downloadable Content (DLC)~Merchandise

Sources of IncomeSlide25

The Elder Scrolls SeriesFallout 3 and New VegasWolfenstein: The New

OrderThe Evil WithinDishonoredAnd many more

ProductsSlide26

I would like to work with Bethesda Softworks because:They give their game a long production time, quality matters to them.They publish a diversity of games

.They have a substantial workforce and regularly post job opportunities.>Link to Job openings: http://jobs.zenimax.com/locations/view/5

Why I want to work with themSlide27

Regulatory bodies in gaming include “The Independent Games Developers Association” (TIGA). While TIGA does not directly impact on the Bethesda Softworks, there have been issues relating to censorship, taste and decency.

Release in IndiaOn October 22, 2008, Microsoft announced that the game would not be released in India on the Xbox 360 platform due to Religious and cultural reasons. While the specific reason was not revealed, it is believed that

it is because the game contains mutated cows called “brahmin”; Brahmin is the name of an ancient, powerful hereditary caste of Hindu priests and religious scholars in

India.

Sensitivity in Japan

Bethesda

Softworks changed the side quest "The Power of the Atom" in the Japanese version of Fallout

3 due

to concerns about depictions of atomic detonation in inhabited areas. In non-Japanese versions, players are given the option of either defusing, ignoring, or detonating the dormant atomic bomb in the town of Megaton. In the Japanese version, the character Mr. Burke has been taken out of this side quest, making it impossible to detonate the bomb. This is implemented due to the nuclear attacks in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, that killed over 150,000 people. Also in the Japanese release, the "Fat Man" nuclear catapult weapon was renamed "Nuka Launcher", as the original name was a reference to the bomb used on Nagasaki.Regulatory Issues