Although protein structure appears to be overwhelmingly complex you can provide your students The 20 amino acids are at the same time identical and different In a single amino acid at neutral pH t ID: 936660
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1050 North Market Street, Suite CC130A, Milwaukee, WI 53202Phone 414-774-6562 Fax 414-774-3435 Although protein structure appears to be overwhelmingly complex, you can provide your students The 20 amino acids are at the same time identical and different. In a single amino acid at neutral pH, the backbone amino group (NH) is positively charged, The 20 amino acids are at the same time identical and different. How can that be? From Amino Acids to Proteins - in 4 Easy Steps Teacher Notes - Page 1 HNCCOH 3+ HNCH CH COCH - CO HN CO O HN HNCOCH 3+- 20 Different Side Chai
nsAttach HereAminoGroupAlpha Carbon Carboxylic Acid Group O ...where molecules become realTM Ala Arg Asn Asp Cys Gln GluAlanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic Acid Cysteine Glutamine Glutamic AcidGlycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Gly His Ile Leu Lys Met PheProline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Pro Ser Thr Trp Tyr Val1050 North Market St, CC130A, Milwaukee, WI
53202 Phone: (414) 774 - 6562 Fax: (414) 774 - 3435 3dmoleculardesigns.comcbm.msoe.eduCopyright 3D Molecular Designs 2005, 2014. All Rights Reserved. From Amino Acids to Proteins (continued) 1050 North Market Street, Suite CC130A, Milwaukee, WI 53202Phone 414-774-6562 Fax 414-774-3435 Teacher Notes - Page 2 Teacher Notes - Page 3From Amino Acids to Proteins (continued) “Zwitterion”At neutral pH, alanine carries both a positive and a negative charge.At low pH, alanine changes to a positive charge.At high pH, alanine changes to a negative charge.
Teacher Notes - Page 4From Amino Acids to Proteins (continued) 3. In a protein, the backbone amino group of the N-terminal amino acid is positively- charged, and the backbone carboxyl group of the C-terminal amino acid is negatively- charged. All other backbone charges have been neutralized by peptide bond formation. Note that the formation of each peptide bond results in the production of a water molecule. This is an example of a condensation reaction, also called dehydration synthesis. The backbone atomsare shown in the shaded box. The side chain atoms
are outside the box. Teacher Notes - Page 5From Amino Acids to Proteins (continued)B. Hydrophilic amino acids are usually exposed on the surface of globular proteins.C. Acidic and basic amino acids can form salt bridges, or electrostatic interactions.covalent disul�de bond with other cysteine side chains. Disul�de bonds often stabilize the structure of secreted proteins. Teacher Notes - Page 6 3D folded structure of a protein. This �nal folded have no quaternary structure), many proteins interact to form mult
i-component protein complexes. Hemoglobin is a good example of a protein with quaternary structure. It is Summary conclude that the primary structure of a protein (its amino acid sequence) is a major determine establish that the basic principles of chemistry act on the amino acid side chains to determine the tertiary structure of the protein. recognize that many proteins assemble into quaternary structures, where they function as complex molecular machines. 1050 North Market Street, Suite CC130A, Milwaukee, WI 53202Phone 414-774-6562 Fax 414-774-343