Add to Table of Contents p 10 DNARNA Vocabulary p 11 DNARNA Structures p 12 Complementary BasePairing DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Doublestranded Doublehelix structure Made of nucleotides each nucleotide has 3 parts remember PBS ID: 570770
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Slide1
DNA and RNASlide2
Add to Table of Contentsp. 10 DNA/RNA Vocabularyp. 11 DNA/RNA Structuresp. 12 Complementary Base-PairingSlide3
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Double-stranded
Double-helix structure
Made of nucleotides - each nucleotide has 3 parts (remember PBS)
Phosphate group
Bases – Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T)
Sugar – 5-carbon sugar called
deoxyribose
Only one type of DNASlide4
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Single-stranded
Made of nucleotides also
Phosphate group
Bases – Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)
Sugar – 5-carbon sugar called ribose
Three types of RNA
mRNA – messenger RNA
tRNA – transfer RNArRNA – ribosomal RNASlide5
On the back of your notes:Turn the page sideways, and complete a Venn Diagram summarizing the similarities and differences between DNA and RNA.
DNA
DNA
RNASlide6
Complementary Base-pairingAdenine pairs with Thymine; Cytosine pairs with Guanine
In RNA, Adenine pairs with UracilSlide7
Base pairing rulesErwin Chargaff (Chargaff’s Rule) determined that the amount of Adenine is
equal to the amount of
Thymine
and the amount of
Cytosine
is
equal to the amount of
Guanine
.
So…%A = %T%C = %GA+T+C+G = 100%Slide8
Do some math… If Adenine makes up 23% of the DNA, how much Cytosine is there?
A = 23 If A = 23, then T = 23
T
C
+ G
100
A = 23
T = 23 C + G 10046100 – 46 = 54 54 ÷ 2 = 27Answer: 27% CytosineSlide9
Replication
Copying DNA
Where? In the nucleus
When? S phase of Interphase
1 Strand
2 Complementary
Strands
Remember:
A pairs with T
G pairs with CSlide10
Replication - Remember: A
pairs with T
G
pairs with C
TTA CGG TAG AAT CCC CGG
AAT GCC ATC TTA GGG GCCSlide11
Replication – Check Your Answers
1. TTA CGG TAG AAT CCC CGG
AAT GCC ATC TTA GGG GCC
2. ATA GTA TTG ACC CGT AAG
TAT CAT AAC TGG GCA TTC
3. CCG GAA AAT CGA AGT ATA
GGC CTT TTA GCT TCA TAT4. TAG CAT AAC TAC GAT GGA ATC GTA TTG ATG CTA CCT5. GGA GTA CCA TAT GAT CCT CCT CAT GGT ATA CTA GGASlide12
History of DNAJames Watson and Francis Crick Discovered the 3-dimensional structure of the DNA molecule.Called it the Double Helix
Rosalind Franklin: Provided x-ray evidence of the DNA helix structure.Slide13
Double Helix2 strands twisted together like a ladder.Complementary strands– fit together but are opposites.Slide14
Differences DNADouble strandSugar: DeoxyriboseLocation
: ONLY in the nucleus.Job: A list of instructions
Nitrogen-containing bases
:
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
RNA
Single strandSugar: RiboseLocation: Throughout the cellJob: Carries out instructions of DNANitrogen-containing bases:AdenineGuanineCytosineUracilSlide15
DIFFERENCES (CONT)There is only ONE type of DNA There are 3 types of RNA…
Messenger RNA
(mRNA): RNA strand created from the original DNA strand.
Ribosomal RNA
(
rRNA
): Makes up ribosomes.
Transfer RNA
(tRNA): carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome during protein synthesis
.Slide16
What holds DNA together?There are weak hydrogen bonds that hold the base pairs together. They are broken to allow the molecule to replicate or be transcribed.