PPT-How We Argue: Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Lecture Outline Inductive Reasoning Generalizations Cause and Effect Analogy Deductive Reasoning Syllogism Enthymeme Inductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning Review The process of citing a number of specific examples or . In a deductive argument the premises are intended to provide support for the conclusion that is so strong that if the premises are true it would be impossible for the conclusion to be false An inductive argument is an argument in which it is thought Argument. Monty Python – Argument Clinic video. Monty Python. Premises + Conclusion = Argument. Argument – a group of statements including one or more premises and a conclusion. Premise – a statement in an argument that provides reason or support for the conclusion. It’s Logical. What is Logic?. Logic. – The science of correct reasoning.. Reasoning. . – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts. .. There are two main types of reasoning:. A Framework for Audience Analysis. Background. Logic has been a formal academic discipline for almost 2,500 years. The 4th century B.C.E. Greek philosopher Aristotle first systematized formal logic, and university logic courses teach Aristotelian logic to this day. For much of western history, logic was one of the main branches of schooling (the classical curriculum consisted of grammar, logic and rhetoric). With the growth of more specialized disciplines and wider curricula in the 20th century, formal logic got lost in the shuffle. In its place, philosophers began formulating courses in what we now call critical thinking, or informal logic. Formal rules and the reduction of sentences to things like. VS. . Inductive . Reasoning. Aristotle. . (Ancient Greek Philosopher). Start with a . premise. Premises lead to a . certain. conclusion. DEDUCTIVE REASONING. Sir Francis Bacon. (17. th. Century English Philosopher). The other side of logic. Deduction . vs. Induction. Deduction – General to Specific. Induction – Specific to General. Inductive reasoning. Uses particular facts, common threads and ideas to draw a conclusion suggested by evidence. Solution. We know one (A, B or C) is defective by .1…so….. Weigh TWO ball-bearings . from A and . ONE from . B. . If . the combined weight is three ounces, then you know that C is defective. . If . Culminating Activity . The Social Science Research Project. The Age of Enlightenment (16th to . 18th Centuries) saw the emergence . of a new way or thinking and . approaching the world and its . workings. The Scientific Revolution, . Induction vs Deduction. Fogelin. and . Sinnott. -Armstrong describe the difference between induction and deduction as follows:. Deductive arguments are intended to be valid. Inductive arguments are not intended to be valid but still to provide a reason for the conclusion. Mimi . Opkins. CECS 100. Fall 2011. Problem Solving. Logic. – The science of correct reasoning.. Reasoning. – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts.. When solving a problem, one must understand the question, gather all pertinent facts, analyze the problem i.e. compare with previous problems (note similarities and differences), perhaps use pictures or formulas to solve the problem.. To form conjectures through inductive reasoning. To disprove a conjecture with a counterexample. To avoid fallacies of inductive reasoning. Example 1. You’re at school eating lunch. You ingest some air while eating, which causes you to belch. Afterward, you notice a number of students staring at you with disgust. You burp again, and looks of distaste greet your natural bodily function. You have similar experiences over the course of the next couple of days. Finally, you conclude that belching in public is socially unacceptable. The process that lead you to this conclusion is called. Validity/Soundness Logical . Fallicies. What is the difference between these two arguments?. I am your teacher.. Today is either a weekday or a weekend day.. Today is not a weekend day.. Today is a weekday.. Basic APA Style. Reky Groendal. Resources. APA Manual Sixth Edition. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/. http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/apa.html. http://flash1r.apa.org/apastyle/basics/index.htm. 1. John D. Norton. Department of History and Philosophy of Science. University of Pittsburgh. June 29, 2022. Mangoletsi. -Potts Lectures 2022. Material Theory of Induction. 2. 3. This Talk. 4. There is no.