Kyle Murar 552015 Period 4 What is Immunology Immunology is the study of the immune systems of all organisms Immunologists not only study the human immune system but the immune systems organisms ranging from archaea bacteria to zebras ID: 312830
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Slide1
Immunology
Kyle Murar5/5/2015Period 4Slide2
What is Immunology?
Immunology is the study of the immune systems of all organisms.Immunologists not only study the human immune system, but the immune systems organisms ranging from archaea bacteria to zebras.Slide3
Founders of Immunology
Edward Jenner (1749–1823)- Realized that people who were injected with a similar yet less deadly virus, were immune to the other more deadly one.
Louis
Pasteur (1822–1895)-
Theorized the mechanics behind immunization.
Paul
Ehrlich (1854–1915)- Theorized humoral immunity through antibodies.Élie Metchnikoff (1845–1916)- Theorized cellular immunity through macrophages.Slide4
How is Chemistry Involved?
Chemistry is used in the immune system for everything.One main use is communication between different cells.Cells also use proteins called antibodies to identify and neutralize various antigens and other harmful microbes.Slide5
How do Antibodies Work?
Antibodies work by bonding themselves to the antigens, acting as a signal for other immune cells to initiate an immune reaction.Each antibody is specifically designed to match a certain antigen and that antigen only.
At any point your body has millions of antibodies flowing through your blood stream each with a different target to attach to.Slide6
Humoral vs. Cellular Immunity.
Humoral Immunity
Some
immune cells act as
cellular “bouncers”
and check every cell for the correct protein tag that says, “I’m friendly”.
Cells, antigens, or microbes
that don’t have the right tag or have an antibody attached saying “I’m dangerous”, immediately are recognized by the “bouncer cells”, which then sound the alarm and kill the intruder.Cellular Immunity
When the alarm is sounded
an immune reaction
is activated resulting
in more of that specific antibody to be made and alerts the “police cells” that there is an intruder in the body. The “police cells” go and search for any
antigens, cells, or microbes
with
the
antibody attached and destroy them
.Slide7
Vaccines
Vaccination is the process of injecting an organism with a weakened or inactive strain of a virus.The purpose of a vaccine is to trigger an immune response that attacks the weak virus so that when your body comes into contact with the real one, your immune system already has antibodies made and can easily recognize and neutralize the virus.Slide8
Related Jobs
Some jobs that deal with immunology are:Immunologists- Study immunology.
Epidemiologists-
Study the spread of infectious diseased.
Vaccine Scientists-
Study, produce, and test various vaccines.Slide9
Summary
Immunology- The study of the immune systems of all organisms.
Edward
Jenner-
First person to make a working vaccine.
Louis
Pasteur-
Theorized the mechanics behind immunization. Considered the father of immunology.Humoral Immunity- Immunity through antibodies.Cellular Immunity- Immunity through macrophages
.
Vaccination-
The process
of injecting an organism with a weakened or inactive strain of a virus
.
Epidemiologists-
Use immunology to study
the spread of infectious diseased
.Slide10
Works Cited
Chiacchia, Kenneth. "Immunology."
The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
. Ed. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 5th ed. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2014. N. pag.
Student Resources in Context
. Web. 19 Mar. 2015.
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