Digital egovernance of Seoul Metropolitan Government Presenter Dr Marc Holzer Dean Rutgers SPAA 1 Communicating through SNS Chapter 2 Geospacial Information Service Chapter 3 ID: 804233
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Slide1
Establishments of Bridgehead for Policy Export and International Relations: Digital e-governance of Seoul Metropolitan Government
Presenter:
Dr. Marc
Holzer
, Dean Rutgers SPAA
Slide21
Communicating through SNS
Chapter 2
Geospacial
Information Service
Chapter 3
Introduction
Chapter 1
World
E-government Organization
Table of Contents
Chapter
4
Slide3What is E-Government?The use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and its application by the government for the provision of information and public services to the people (Global E-Government Readiness Report
2004)
P
rovide significant opportunities
for cities to transform public administration into an instrument of sustainable economic development and citizen empowermentUltimately, E-government aims to facilitate citizen engagement and participation in the decision-making and service-delivery processes2
Slide4Purpose of StudyExamine Seoul Metropolitan Government’s (SMG) innovative e-government policies and their effects on sustainability, accountability and citizen-centric
administration
A
nalyze SMG’s
three exemplary cases and validate the excellence of those cases:Corresponding to the changing needs of public service, utilizing Social Network Service (SNS)Implementing new tools for service delivery, Geospatial Information Service (DVP)
Establishing WeGO as a platform to enhance international collaboration between municipalities and global cities3
Slide5Purpose of Study (Cont.)Highlight emerging e-government trends, innovative practices, as well as challenges and opportunities of e-
government development
Provide
decision-
makers to identify areas of strength and challenges and guide through the e-government policies and strategies4
Slide6IntroductionChallenges and opportunities for Global CitiesInnovation and availability of information technology (IT)
Economic, political and social restraints for government
Changing needs and expectations of citizens in large
Big Data and new understanding of citizens’ behaviors
SMG has been in the forefront in utilizing Big Data and IT to provide better services to the citizensContinuously ranked No.1 in E-government since 2003 (both Rutgers and United Nations evaluations)Internationally recognized for exemplary policy modelsVarious countries and their sub-governments have shown strong interests in SMG’s exemplary policies
5
Slide7SMG Digital Governance Ranking
6
Slide8SMG’s E-government Policy Development
Smart Government
Data
Base
Infrastructure
Computerization
Informatization
Creative utilization
1999
2007
2011
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Industrial
Society
Paradigm
Information
Society
Paradigm
Smart Society
Paradigm
Now
Network Formation
Online Connection
Computerization
1990
2016
7
Slide9SMG’s Strategic Vision for E-government
8
Smart Government
Smart Economy
Service
Oriented
Sharing
Open Based
Standardization
Establish Smart Infrastructure
Governance establishment based
on
cloud system
Ensure the
foundation
of
cloud
vitalization
Vision
Objective
Strategy
Achieve Smart
E-government
Agenda
Smart Life
Smart Space
Smart use of information
Advanced administration based on communication with citizens
Eco-friendly Green City
Creative Global Economy
Sustainable Welfare Policy
Online citizen communication
Geospatial Information Service
Mobile Based Application
World E-government Organization
Slide10Selection of Potential Global CitiesFinal selection of cities based on the ranking of 30~60 in the Digital Governance Score (Digital
Governance in World Municipalities
2013
-2014
)*Key considerations for selectionMaturity of IT infrastructureCapacity to import and apply SMG’s e-gov policiesCities most likely to benefit from these policiesInformation about city administration and online services are provided by the cities’ official website
* "Digital Governance in World Municipalities (2013-2014),” published
by the
E-Governance Institute & Public Technology Institute9
Slide11Region
Country
City
Score
Ranking1Asia
ChinaShanghai56.02
82South AmericaMexicoMexico City
47.01183Asia
MalaysiaKuala Lumpur46.16
194
South AmericaBrazilSao Paulo
44.64215South America
ArgentinaBuenos Aires42.8926
6EuropeSpain
Madrid40.6229
7South AmericaEcuadorGuayaquil40.45
308South America
Uruguay
Montevideo36.97369
South America
Colombia
Bogota
36.78
37
10
Europe
Portugal
Lisbon
36.28
38
11
Asia
Kazakhstan
Almaty
35.81
40
12
Africa
South Africa
Johannesburg
34.97
42
13
Europe
Serbia
Belgrade
34.79
43
14
South America
Peru
Lima
34.644415AsiaIndiaMumbai32.344716EuropePolandWarsaw31.574817EuropeCroatiaZagreb31.095118South AmericaGuatemalaGuatemala City30.815219EuropeRomaniaBucharest30.525320AsiaTurkeyIstanbul30.155Potential cities for SMG’s e-gov policyScore and ranking based on
"Digital Governance in World Municipalities (2013-2014),” published by the E-Governance Institute & Public Technology Institute10
Slide12Communication through
Social Network Service
11
Slide13Overview: SMG’s SNS-Communication PolicyIn the past, each department separately received and handled complaints and suggestions from citizensInconvenient for citizens to file
complaints and suggestions
Responses to the problems were delayed or
sometime even lost
Information regarding the handling process were insufficientRed Tape: Very difficult to submit additional inquiries, constant runaround in search of answersCustomer dissatisfaction: Bad feedback even after the complaints and suggestions have been closedIn order to overcome these challenges, EUNGDAPSO, was born -- an integrated online complaint and suggestion filing system
12
Slide14History of the e-Communication Tools
13
Slide15EUNGDAPSO: What is it?
To
process all the complaints and suggestions faster than before, relatively simple complaints are immediately answered by Eungdapso.
Without contacting specific departments, and for complaints that are uncertain as to which department they should be handled by,
The department in charge is determined through coordinated meetings. 14
All complaints and suggestions can now be filed at Eungdapso, which was created in order to listen to every single Seoul citizen.
Slide16EUNGDAPSO: How does it work?
Source: Seoul Metropolitan Government. (2014). Digital Seoul e-Government.
15
Slide17EUNGDAPSO: Policy DetailsA Legal Basis: Message-Compliant Handling Ordinance Enacted for effective & responsive SNS administration (Nov. 01. 2012)After enactment, SMG has been buckled down to SNS Communication
Total 16 SNS Accounts have been managed by Eungdapso
13 Twitter, 3 Facebook accounts are registered in
The number only includes Eungdapso-managed SNS accounts
16
Slide18EUNGDAPSO: Website Composition
EUNGDAPSO: Composition (Website)
Register
Proposals
Proposal
Results
Proposal
Examples
FAQs
Real-time
MonitoringEmergency Message through SNS
Example Searching
17
Slide19EUNGDAPSO: real-time monitoring (through SNS)http://eungdapso.seoul.go.kr/Cmn/Cmn01/Cmn01_not.jsp
18
Slide20EUNGDAPSO: real-time monitoring (complaints)http://eungdapso.seoul.go.kr/Cmn/Cmn02/Cmn02_not.jsp
19
Slide21EUNGDAPSO: Policy Outcomes Reduced complaint processing time 3.8 days (before)
→ 2.7 days (in 2015)
I
mmediate
response to citizens
Simple complains or questions are responded right away
Increased convenience for the users
Easy and convenient real-time complaint management systemOpen and disclosed administrative processing
Public servant responsible for the claim is shown to the publicFurther promote communication through SNS
Followers of SMG’s SNS: 50,000 (before) → 130,000 (in 2015)
20
Slide22Number of Proposals by media
11
Dasan
(311)
56%
SNS
Web
18
Mobile
3
12
Etc.
Source: Eungdapso (CCPIS) operation report (2015)
Of
the total 383,175 cases, 56% of proposals have been received via SNS
Between Feb
. 2014 ~
Dec. 2015 Includes simple proposals to the Mayor
21
Slide23SWOT Analysis: SNS CommunicationStrengths
Free-
Service
to citizensQuick response time
Increased InteractivityQuick Acquisition of Street-level InformationWeaknesses
High-Cost to maintainUnstable Service
Information OverflowHelpful
HarmfulOpportunities
Open & Big-Data GovernmentPromoting Citizen ParticipationEfficient Disaster & Emergency Management
Threats
PoliticizationSeeming consensus (Show off)Security & Privacy Problems
Information Gap/Digital DivideInternal Origin
External Origin
SWOT22
Slide24What People Expect from Government’s SNS?Source: SMG Social Media Report (2015)
Information about
hidden Tourist Attractions
Information about
Festivals, Special Events
Information about
Municipal Government Management
(e.g. Welfare, Economy, Job, Transportation)
Interesting pieces of Seoul Citizen’s Story
Survey Details
Sampling: Convenience-Internet Sampling
Periods: Nov. 12 – 13, 2014
Targets: SMG & neighborhood residents (N= 2,000)
23
Slide25Emergency Management through EungdapsoEmergency Alerts: Seoul Life Line (Twitter @SoulLifeLine)Co-production with a Private Company, Twitter
As
FEMA, U.S. Homeland Security, Japan Policy Agency, SMG is also authorized to make Twitter Emergency Alerts to the Citizen
Emergency Alerts spreads promptly via 31 twitter-accounts which possess emergency management function
E.g., @wonsoonpark, @seoullifeline, @seoul_eds, etc.
Communication Public Officer
EungdapsoStaff in Charge
Emergency AlertsMessage Passing
Spreads via SNS
SMG’s SNS AccountsCitizen’s SNS Accounts
24
Slide26Selected Countries: Measurements (Key Indicators)Source: Rutgers University (2014), Digital Governance in Worldwide
Dimensions
Measures
(Key Indicators)
Scale
Content
Does the site allow users to sign up for alerts such as RSS feeds, Facebook, Twitter, or other social media notifications?
0~2
Service
Does the site allow users to file complaints?
0~3
Does the site provide a bulletin board for posting questions about civil applications and answers from public officials?
0~3
In the bulletin board of questions and answers for civil applications, does the site provide answers timely?
0~3
Does the site allow users to request information? 0~3
Does the site allow users to report crimes, violations of administrative laws and regulations, or corruption?
0~3
Citizen & Social Engagement
Does the site allow users to provide comments or feedback to elected officials?0~3
Does the site have online bulletin board for gathering citizen input on public issues?
0~2
Does the site offer an online discussion forum or chat capabilities on policy issues?
0~3
Does the site offer tools for online decision-making?
(e-petition, electronic citizen juries, e-referenda)
0~3
Does the site encourage citizens to post information, photos, and videos?
0~1
Total
11
SNS-related Key Indicators
(Score Range from 0 to 29)
0~29
25
Slide27A level of Digital-Governance
Communication through SNS
Analysis: The Relationship
Correlation
SNS score
Digital-Governance Score
Pearson Correlation
.751**
Significance (2-tailed)
.000
Observations
100
26
Slide28Analysis: Selected CountriesIn general, “Communication through SNS” shows strong positive correlation with “Digital Governance” r=0.751**, when n=100However, with respect to the 20 selected municipalities, it is hard to find statistical relationship
between the
two
variables
r=0.089, when n= 20Regardless of the other factors, some countries possess and shows a capacity for more effective SNS Communication. For example, Buenos Aires in Argentina’s SNS Score is ranked 7th in worldwide notwithstanding their entire Digital Governance Score is 26thWhich indicates that the feasibility of successive SNS Administrative Communication with citizen mainly depends on the policy intention of policy-maker, citizen’s interest & demand, and the elected official’s leadership
27
Slide29Analysis: Comparison
Country
Municipality
Digital-Governance
Score
(100)
Total
Rank
SNS-related
Score (29)
PartialRank
China
Shanghai
56.028
5
73
MexicoMexico City47.01
1810
15
MalaysiaKuala Lumpur
46.16
19
11.5
16
Brazil
Sao Paulo
44.64
21
7
54
Argentina
Buenos Aires
42.89
26
13.5
7
Kazakhstan
Almaty
35.81
40
5
92
India
Mumbai
32.34
47
4
87
Poland
Warsaw
31.57
48
10.5
28CroatiaZagreb31.0951673TurkeyIstanbul30.105513
11Source: Rutgers University (2014), Digital Governance in WorldwideAccording to the measurement from the Rutgers e-Governance Institute, with respect to the selected countries, it is hard to find a general relationship between e-Governance and Communication through SNS 28
Slide30Analysis:
Comparison
Worldwide Municipalities
(n=100)
Selected Municipalities
(n=20)
Digital-Governance Scores
(total 100)Digital-Governance Scores (total 100)
SNS-related Scores (total 29)
SNS-related Scores (total 29)
Correlation
SNS score
Digital-Governance Score
Pearson Correlation
.751**
Significance (2-tailed)
.000
Observations
100
Correlation
SNS score
Digital-Governance Score (100)
Pearson Correlation
.089
Significance (2-tailed)
.708
Observations
20
29
Slide31Geospatial Information Service
30
Slide32SMG’s Geospatial Information
Service Development
SMG’s
service based on Geographic Information System (GIS) was first introduced in 1995.
SMG’s
Master Plan of Establishment of GIS and National Geographic Information System (NGIS) was devised. SMG
completed production of “digit map”, which enabled numerous application systems using the digit map to be initiated.
Step 1 (1996 – 2001)
Step 2 (2002 – 2006)
Step 3 (2007 – 2011)
Step 4 (2012-2016)
31
Slide33Space
Data Warehouse, which is an integrated system of GIS, GIS portal, Data Reference Model, and Standard Operating Procedure for developing application were
established
.
SMG managed various administrative services based on GIS by utilizing 29 application systems such as a statistical map and an administrative area map.
Step
1 (1996 – 2001)
Step 2 (2002 – 2006)
Step 3 (2007 – 2011)
Step 4 (2012-2016)
Geospatial
Information
Service Development Phase 2
32
Slide34SMG formed
the
ubiquitous environment by upgrading the existing application programs and introducing a new GIS technology such as User Created Contents (UCC), Web 2.0, and Open Application Program Interface (API)
Step
1 (1996 – 2001)
Step 2 (2002 – 2006)
Step 3 (2007 – 2011)
Step 4 (2012-2016)
Geospatial
Information
Service Development Phase 3
33
Slide35SMG built the Community Mapping Center and provided civil services through
mobile
platform.
Began
providing public sector information such as 3D indoor spatial information and other spatial information regarding maps, transport, land, environment, and public institutions. Map-based information on
disability-friendly facilities, information relevant to the user, free Wi-Fi service zones, etc., through the
Map-Tagging Service.
Step 1 (1996 – 2001)
Step 2 (2002 – 2006)
Step 3 (2007 – 2011)
Step 4 (2012-2016)
Geospatial
Information
Service Development Phase 4
34
Slide36Geospatial Information Platform & Seoul Map Tagging Service
Service Model of GIS
Spatial Data Warehouse
Smart Map app service server
(Mobile Seoul, Citizen communication channel, Smart Seoul map, etc.)
Map Server
Content Management System
Application Server
Spatial Information Platform
Seoul Map-Tagging,
Mobile map Open API Server
Open API management,
Statistics management, Administrative-spatial Information content management
Spatial Data Base
User
35
Slide37Seoul Geospatial Platform provides a standardized location based development environment for representatives of each department to build a common spatial information accessible via smartphone. Geospatial Platform also provides spatial information sharing functions to make Map-Tagging
mentioned below easy for users.
Major
Functions of
Geospatial Information
Service36
Slide38The provision of map tagged spatial information, immediate service app, geospatial platform and real time linked service, can be carried out without any cost to the department. Through Smart Seoul Maps, citizens can easily create their own maps, which can be immediately shared through SNS.
Major Policies of Geospatial Information
Service
Geospatial Information Platform & Seoul Map Tagging
Service
37
Slide393D Indoor Spatial Information
In
May 2013, the Seoul Metropolitan Government began the 3D modeling of indoor environments
.
In September 2013, it launched a pilot project for web services in three subway stations and three public buildings.
It plans to make data available to citizens as an Open API for the full utilization of information in developing various applications. 38
Slide40Public building modeling
Subway station modeling
3D
Indoor Spatial
Information (Cont.)
39
Slide41Development Involved for
GIS
Domains/
Masterplan
Land
Facility
Transportation
Environment
Disaster Management
Urban Planning
Life information
Civil Service &Participation
Step 1
1996-2001
Integrating 16 underground facility data
Integrating 16 underground facility data
Integrating 16 underground facility data
Integrating 16 underground facility data
Validity analysis of Urban Landscape Plan
Step2
2002-2006
Integrated management system (IMS) based on web of undergrounding facility data
A GIS portal system based on the web (Seoul Map Webpage)
A GIS portal system based on the web (Seoul Map Webpage)
Collecting data for 3D indoor spatial information
A GIS portal system based on the web (Seoul Map Webpage)
A GIS portal system based on the web (Seoul Map Webpage)
Integrated management system (IMS) based on web of undergrounding facility data
Collecting data for 3D indoor spatial information
A GIS portal system based on the web (Seoul Map Webpage)
Step 3
2007-2011
Accuracy improvement of underground facility data
GIS portal system through Open API
3D indoor geospatial information providing civil service
Accuracy improvement of underground facility data
Mobile GIS Platform(Geospatial Information Platform)
GIS portal system through Open API
Mobile GIS Platform(Geospatial Information Platform)
Mobile GIS Platform(Geospatial Information Platform)
GIS portal system through Open API
3D indoor geospatial information providing
civil
service
Mobile GIS Platform(Geospatial Information Platform)
3D indoor geospatial information providing civil service
Mobile GIS Platform(Geospatial Information Platform)
Step 4
2012-2016
Smart Complaint Register in Seoul Map
Launching Map Tagging Service
Smart operation for 3D indoor geospatial information (Geospatial Information Platform)
Smart Complaint Register in Seoul Map
Launching Map Tagging Service
Smart operation for 3D indoor geospatial information (Geospatial Information Platform)
Smart operation for 3D indoor geospatial information (Geospatial Information Platform)Smart Complaint Register in Seoul Map
Launching Map Tagging ServiceSmart operation for 3D indoor geospatial information (Geospatial Information Platform)Smart Complaint Register in Seoul Map
Launching Map Tagging ServiceSmart operation for 3D indoor geospatial information (Geospatial Information Platform)40
Slide42Selected Countries: Measurements (Key Indicators)Source: Rutgers University (2014), Digital Governance in Worldwide
Dimensions
Measures (Key Indicators)
Scale
Content
Does the site have GIS capabilities?
0~3
Service
Does the site have an emergency management or alert mechanism (severe weather, etc.)??
0~2
Does the site offer a mobile device version?
Does the site offer searchable databases?
Does the site allow users to file complaints?
0~1
0~3
0~3
Does the site allow users to request information?
0~3
Does the site allow users to report crimes, violations of administrative laws and regulations, or corruption?
0~3
Citizen &
Social
Engagement
Does the site encourage citizens to post information, photos, and videos?
0~1
Total
GIS-related
Key Indicators (Score Range from 0 to
19
)
0~19
41
Slide43Rank of Scores related to GIS
Country
Municipality
Digital-Governance
Score
(100)
Total
Rank
GIS-related
Score (19)
Rank among 20 countries
China
Shanghai
56.028
7.5
62Mexico
Mexico City47.0118
12
12
MalaysiaKuala Lumpur46.16
19
12
14
Brazil
Sao Paulo
44.64
21
9
44
Argentina
Buenos Aires
42.89
26
10
32
Kazakhstan
Almaty
35.81
40
8.5
49
India
Mumbai
32.34
47
4.5
84
Poland
Warsaw
31.57
48
11
20
CroatiaZagreb31.09516.570TurkeyIstanbul30.10559.5
36Source: Rutgers University (2014), Digital Governance in WorldwideThe result indicates that the cities rank high on the list of the total digital government score but score low in terms of GIS. 42
Slide44Analysis of VarianceFor the analysis, all observed cities were divided into two
groups based on whether they indicated having
GIS capabilities in their webpages (except for missing data
)
The result shows that there is a statistical significance in the mean difference of the total score between two groups (p-value <
0.05)Cities with GIS capabilities have higher total score than those without
on average by 7.72 points (p-value <0.05)However, the result indicates that the difference of the total score among
the two groups in the selected 20 countries is not statistically significant43
Slide45Analysis of Variance (Worldwide municipalities)
44
Slide46Analysis of Variance (Selected 20 countries)
45
Slide47World e-governments organization (wego)
46
Slide48Overview of World E-Government OrganizationWorld e-Governments Organization of Cities and Local Governments (WeGO):
An international cooperative body for cities and local governments, which pursues
sustainable urban development based
on e
-GovernmentA newly emerging international community emphasizing mutual cooperation and best-practice sharing among member cities47
Slide49WeGO Secretariat & its functions
What
it does
Promote
WeGo
through diverse communication channels
Manage
WeGO
members
and regional offices &
A
ttract new members
Perform research & analysis on
e-Gov’t best practices and trends
Design & Implement
WeGO
projects and programs
Devise an annual plan,
Prepare reports and the budget
& Raise funds
Form partnerships &
Expand
WeGO
Network
Provide organizational support
for all
WeGO
meetings
Manage the election for
titled positions &
the Executive Committee
48
Slide502012
2013
2014
2008
2009
2010
2011
Opening of the
WeGO
Europe Regional
Office
Ulyanovsk
The
3
rd
WeGO
General Assembly
2014
Timeline of
WeGO
The Executive Committee Meeting
2013
Opening of the
WeGO
Asia Regional Office Chengdu
The Executive Committee Meeting 2012
The 2
nd
WeGO
General Assembly 2012
WeGO
Signs MOU with the United Nations & the World Bank
The Executive Committee Meeting 2011
The Inaugural
WeGO
General Assembly 2010
World
e-Governments Mayors Forum
World
Cities CIO Forum
49
Slide51Goals: Improve citizen’s quality of life around the WorldBy promoting e-Government toolkits and frameworksBy establishing city networks
By conducting
joint
projects
By providing platforms for member cities to share e-Government policies and practicesBy collaborating with cities and other stakeholdersBy discovering and disseminating the effective use of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) for transparency, openness and efficiency
50
Slide52What do they provide to WeGO members?
e-Government
Tools
Cost-efficient and easy-to-use e-Government Tools
A general technical infrastructure and WeGO eGovFrame tools City e-Government Diagnostic and Solution (CeDS) Online PlatformSelf-assessment for the e-Government system status
Advisory services through the WeGO websitee-Government Consulting IT consultants on the current e-Government status and the realistic e-Government strategies
51
Slide53What do they provide to WeGO members? (Cont.)
e-Government Training
WeGO
e-Government Training Program for
WeGO membersCooperation with International Organizations and Networking among Cities and Local Governments Partnership with the United Nations, the World Bank, IT experts, government agencies, academia, civil society, and private sectorWeGO Awards
More than just an award ceremony, represents WeGO’s commitment to finding the best e-Government practices to share
52
Slide54WeGO: Consultation Project– Feasibility Study (F/S)
Feasibility study on Spatial Data Infrastructure
(SDI)
for underground facilities such as networks, pipelines and electricity in urban
areaBy proposing development of future e-Government model By promoting e-Government best practices to WeGO members By cooperating with World Bank Toolkit Project
53
Slide55WeGO: Consultation Project– Feasibility Study (F/S)
Category
Descriptions
EA
(Environmental Analysis)
Overview
Overall
policies and strategies
Stakeholders analysis Constraints
and issues to address
TA
(Technical Analysis)
Current ICT status ICT situation & request for the project
Technical design & approach
LA
(Legislation & Regulation Analysis)
Legal & regulatory analysis
Institutional
analysis Suggestions regarding the legal, regulatory & institutional framework for the
project
RC
(Recommendations)
Project
overview & components
Priority
of the projects
Budget
planning
Schedule
Monitoring
& evaluation
FA
(Feasibility Assessment &
Economic
Analysis)
Demand
analysis
Project
rationale
Valuation
of benefits & costs
Monitoring
& Evaluation
Linkages
to World Bank Toolkit Development Project
54
Slide56WeGO: Consultation Case 2012 Buenos Aires: Smart Citizen Service HUB (AIO) with Smart Card in terms of Citizen’s Service Satisfaction
The feasibility study for improving public service to every citizens, as a leading municipal government in Latin America
M
ain
conceptual idea: Using smart card frameworkInvestigation: EA (Environmental Analysis), TA (Technical Analysis), LA (Legislation & Regulation Analysis), RC (Recommendations
), FA (Feasibility Assessment & Economic Analysis) e-Government Status of Buenos Aires: between integration and innovation phases Feasibility Study Recommendation: Implement Smart Card solution to all public transportation sectors such as Metro, Bus, and Taxi in terms of an All-In-One Smart Card
55
Slide57The Future of WeGOMembers are not from a particular region or based on a ranking from UN
Survey
or Rutgers
E-Governance
SurveyMost WeGO member cities have not realized the four stages of e-government development – Presence, Interaction, Transaction, and Transformation.Only 10 cities (Bangkok, Bucharest, Buenos Aires, Caracas, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kathmandu, San Paulo, Seoul, and Tashkent)
have reached the stage where they can use information technologies to effectively provide government services. The future of WeGo depends on SMG’s ability to forge cooperative and mutual relationships with advanced IT cities and solidify the leadership group56
Slide58WeGO members
Total 95 cities
57