The reason that two sperm cells travel down the angiosperm pollen tube is that they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube one fertilizes the egg and the other combines with the two polar nuclei ID: 624407
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Slide1
Angiosperm Reproduction and BiotechnologySlide2
The reason that two sperm cells travel down the angiosperm pollen tube is that
they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei.one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the synergid.one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle.if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.Slide3
The reason that two sperm cells travel down the angiosperm pollen tube is that
they both stimulate growth of the pollen tube.
one fertilizes the egg, and the other combines with the two polar nuclei.one fertilizes the egg, and the other fertilizes the synergid.one is for fertilizing the egg, and one directs the pollen tube toward the micropyle.if one fails in fertilization, there is a backup nucleus.Slide4
In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ to emerge from the seed is the
shoot tip, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.
hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get under way is photosynthesis.radicle, as the most important function to get under way is the absorption of water and nutrients.root, as the most important function to get under way is interacting with microbes in the soil. Slide5
In dicotyledon seed germination, usually the first organ to emerge from the seed is the
shoot tip, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.
hypocotyl, as the most important function to get under way is breaking through the soil.cotyledon(s), as the most important function to get under way is photosynthesis.radicle, as the most important function to get under way is the absorption of water and nutrients.root, as the most important function to get under way is interacting with microbes in the soil. Slide6
A reproductive trait of a hybrid crop plant that is advantageous in plant breeding is
male sterility.
seed dormancy.self-incompatibility.rapid pollen tube growth.apomixis.Slide7
A reproductive trait of a hybrid crop plant that is advantageous in plant breeding is
male sterility.
seed dormancy.self-incompatibility.rapid pollen tube growth.apomixis.Slide8
All of the following are associated in some way with double fertilization in angiosperms, except for which one?
The angiosperm zygote is diploid.
The pollen tube reaching the micropyle results in the death of one of the synergids.The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid and triploid cells.The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid
cells through meiosis.
One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome of the endosperm.Slide9
All of the following are associated in some way with double fertilization in angiosperms, except for which one?
The angiosperm zygote is diploid.
The pollen tube reaching the micropyle results in the death of one of the synergids.The fertilized angiosperm ovule consists of diploid and triploid cells.The megasporangium gives rise to four haploid cells through meiosis
.
One of the pollen nuclei contributes to the genome of the endosperm.Slide10
The flowers of wind-pollinated plants
usually have flat blades to direct the wind.
produce sticky pollen. are usually green and inconspicuous.are usually white and small.always occur as separate staminate and pistilate flowers.Slide11
The flowers of wind-pollinated plants
usually have flat blades to direct the wind.
produce sticky pollen. are usually green and inconspicuous.are usually white and small.always occur as separate staminate and pistilate flowers.Slide12
An accessory fruit is one that
grows from a lateral meristem.
develops using some tissue from other than the ovary.develops from the pericarp.consists of multiple receptacles.is necessary for reproduction.Slide13
An accessory fruit is one that
grows from a lateral meristem.
develops using some tissue from other than the ovary.develops from the pericarp.consists of multiple receptacles.is necessary for reproduction.Slide14
Which three fruits consist of an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order?
guava, blackberry, cherry
watermelon, orange, pea apple, pear, cherrypineapple, tangerine, cranberryraspberry, pineapple, appleSlide15
Which three fruits consist of an aggregate fruit, a multiple fruit, and an accessory fruit, in that order?
guava, blackberry, cherry
watermelon, orange, pea apple, pear, cherrypineapple, tangerine, cranberryraspberry, pineapple, appleSlide16
One approach that is LEAST likely to reduce the spread of transgenes of engineered crop plants into wild congeneric populations is to
engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA.
insert the desired gene into the nuclear DNA of the crop plant. engineer only species that obligately inbreed.engineer only plants that spread by cloning.alter the plants so that they self-pollinate.Slide17
One approach that is LEAST likely to reduce the spread of transgenes of engineered crop plants into wild congeneric populations is to
engineer the gene into the chloroplast DNA.
insert the desired gene into the nuclear DNA of the crop plant. engineer only species that obligately inbreed.engineer only plants that spread by cloning.alter the plants so that they self-pollinate.Slide18
When angiosperms first evolved it is thought that they used a very
generalist/
nonspecialized strategy of attracting pollinators. Which choice CORRECTLY identifies some of the floral characteristics those early flowering plants were thought to have?bilateral floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an ovary hidden beneath the
receptacle
radial
floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an ovary above the
receptacle
bilateral
floral symmetry, many
unfused
petals, and an ovary hidden beneath the
receptacle
radial
floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an ovary hidden beneath the
receptacle
radial
floral symmetry, many
unfused
petals, and an ovary above the
receptacleSlide19
When angiosperms first evolved it is thought that they used a very
generalist/
nonspecialized strategy of attracting pollinators. Which choice CORRECTLY identifies some of the floral characteristics those early flowering plants were thought to have?bilateral floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an ovary hidden beneath the
receptacle
radial
floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an ovary above the
receptacle
bilateral
floral symmetry, many
unfused
petals, and an ovary hidden beneath the
receptacle
radial
floral symmetry, few petals often fused, and an ovary hidden beneath the
receptacle
radial
floral symmetry, many
unfused
petals, and an ovary above the
receptacleSlide20
The image below shows some aspects of the life cycle of flower plants. What do the three unlabeled yellow boxes in this figure represent
?
periods when pollination and dispersal occurAll are stages at which gametes are created.the stages at which some form of sexual reproduction takes placeeach is a period of dormancy, used to avoid periods of
harsh conditions
periods
of
germination
and
of
growthSlide21
The image below shows some aspects of the life cycle of flower plants. What do the three unlabeled yellow boxes in this figure represent
?
periods when pollination and dispersal occurAll are stages at which gametes are created.the stages at which some form of sexual reproduction takes placeeach is a period of dormancy, used to avoid periods of
harsh conditions
periods of germination
and of growthSlide22
Before fertilization (see figure) the ovarian wall helps to protect _______, while after fertilization it has a role in protecting the developing
______.
megagametophytes; seedsthe carpels; anther sacsembryo sacs; eggspollen grains; fruit wallsmegagametophytes; megasporesSlide23
Before fertilization (see figure) the ovarian wall helps to protect _______, while after fertilization it has a role in protecting the developing
______.
megagametophytes; seedsthe carpels; anther sacsembryo sacs; eggspollen grains; fruit wallsmegagametophytes; megasporesSlide24
If you order the following processes from first to last, which is likely to occur third in order?
Pass along the sperm that are delivered to the
ovule for fertilization.
Form a hardened seed coat.
Transmit food to a growing gametophyte.
Do meiosis in its
ovule
to
form a megaspore.
Supply food to a growing
endosperm and embryo.Slide25
If you order the following processes from first to last, which is likely to occur third in order?
Pass along the sperm that are delivered to the
ovule for fertilization.
Form a hardened seed coat.
Transmit food to a growing gametophyte.
Do meiosis in its
ovule
to
form a megaspore.
Supply food to a growing
endosperm and embryo.Slide26
Which is NOT a correct distinction between pollination and fertilization
?
Pollination involves multicellular organisms, while fertilization involves single cells.Fertilization results in a change in ploidy, while pollination does not.Fertilization is done by both plants and animals, while pollination is not a part of the animal life cycle.
Pollination
does not require the fusion of any cells,
while
fertilization does.
Pollination
can directly result
in
dispersion of a
species
to establish it in a new location,
while
fertilization
does not
.Slide27
Which is NOT a correct distinction between pollination and fertilization
?
Pollination involves multicellular organisms, while fertilization involves single cells.Fertilization results in a change in ploidy, while pollination does not.Fertilization is done by both plants and animals, while pollination is not a part of the animal life cycle.
Pollination
does not require the fusion of any cells,
while
fertilization does.
Pollination
can directly result
in dispersion
of a
species
to establish it in a new location,
while
fertilization
does not
.Slide28
Which one of the following statements describing aspects of the angiosperm life cycle is FALSE
?
The integuments act to protect the ovule, guide the entry of the pollen tube, and form the coat of the seed.The endosperm is triploid (3n),
because two sperm
are
used to form it during double fertilization.
The
carpel is a modified leaf having ovules that produces spores by meiosis.
The
pollen grain is a multicellular gametophyte that develops from a spore.
The
ovule is an
integumented
spore-producing
structure
that ultimately develops into a seed
.Slide29
Which one of the following statements describing aspects of the angiosperm life cycle is FALSE
?
The integuments act to protect the ovule, guide the entry of the pollen tube, and form the coat of the seed.The endosperm is triploid (3n), because two sperm are used to form it during double fertilization.
The
carpel is a modified leaf having ovules that produces spores by meiosis.
The
pollen grain is a multicellular gametophyte that develops from a spore.
The
ovule is an
integumented
spore-producing
structure
that ultimately develops into a seed
.Slide30
The
gametophytic
incompatibility system is used by many plant species. Which choice correctly describes what it does?The megagametophytic plant prevents itself from carrying out fertilization by inhibiting its production of an egg.A sporophytic plant inhibits pollen tube growth of a
microgametophytic
plant having certain alleles similar to
its
own.
Sperm
from a
microgametophtye
are rejected by cells of the
megagametophyte
and not used in fertilization.
Only
pollination between closely related lines of plants occurs, and
outcrossing
is prevented.
A
diploid
sporophytic
plant is only able to produce spores with genetic factors different from itself
.Slide31
The
gametophytic
incompatibility system is used by many plant species. Which choice correctly describes what it does?The megagametophytic plant prevents itself from carrying out fertilization by inhibiting its production of an egg.A sporophytic plant inhibits pollen tube growth of a
microgametophytic
plant having certain alleles similar to
its
own.
Sperm
from a
microgametophtye
are rejected by cells of the
megagametophyte
and not used in fertilization.
Only
pollination between closely related lines of plants occurs, and
outcrossing
is prevented.
A
diploid
sporophytic
plant is only able to produce spores with genetic factors different from itself
.Slide32
Dandelions create offspring asexually, by
apomixis
, which then disperse by the wind (see figure). What choice is a valid statement about these fruits and the benefits of from their dispersal?Each distinct seed has a different genetic combination, and dispersal gives each a chance to get to a different suitable habitat.Some will arrive at, and grow in, an area that is suitable
for the genetic
combination shared by all
these offspring
.
Dispersing widely promotes
more
outcrossing and
increases the genetic diversity in the population overall.
Each
fruit can fragment into other smaller fruits, increasing the number of individuals being dispersed.
Some
of the seeds will
mutate
during their dispersal,
making
them more fit to survive
.Slide33
Dandelions create offspring asexually
, by
apomixis, which then disperse by the wind (see figure). What choice is a valid statement about these fruits and the benefits of from their dispersal?Each distinct seed has a different genetic combination, and dispersal gives each a chance to get to a different suitable habitat.Some will arrive at, and grow in, an area that is suitable for the genetic combination shared by all these offspring.
Dispersing widely promotes more outcrossing and increases the genetic diversity in the population overall.
Each fruit can fragment into other smaller fruits, increasing the number of individuals being dispersed.
Some of the seeds will
mutate during their dispersal,
making them more fit to survive.Slide34
If a reproductive process creates something that may grow into a new individual, and if sexual processes have at least the potential to create
new genetic combinations, then which of the following choices is
neither “reproductive” nor “sexual”?the release of several plantlets from the edge of a leaf of a Kalanchoë plantthe fusion of gametes to create a
zygote
production
of a megaspore in an ovule by
meiosis
the
dispersal of a fruit with its seeds far from the
tree
where it was
formed
microspore
formation by meiosis in the anther sacs of
stamenSlide35
If a reproductive process creates something that may grow into a new individual, and if sexual processes have at least the potential to create new genetic combinations, then which of the following choices is neither “reproductive” nor “sexual”?
the release of several plantlets from the edge of a leaf of a
Kalanchoë plantthe fusion of gametes to create a zygoteproduction of a megaspore in an ovule by meiosisthe dispersal of a fruit with its seeds far from the tree where it was formedmicrospore formation by meiosis in the anther sacs of stamenSlide36
Which of the following biotechnological manipulations of plants is NOT focused on improving either the quality or quantity of
food production?
altering the expression of genes in potatoes and in their relatives to lower the production of toxinsthe creation of genetically modified poplar trees to produce more biomass for biofuel
production
making
a plant species more resistant to a virus by the introduction of selected genetic
elements
adding
synthesis pathways to a crop species so
that
it contains more of a desired vitamin
precursor
introduction
of new genes into a crop species to make it resistant to insect
herbivorySlide37
Which of the following biotechnological manipulations of plants is NOT focused on improving either the quality or quantity of
food production?
altering the expression of genes in potatoes and in their relatives to lower the production of toxinsthe creation of genetically modified poplar trees to produce more biomass for biofuel productionmaking a plant species more resistant to a virus by the introduction of selected genetic elementsadding synthesis pathways to a crop species so that it contains more of a desired vitamin precursorintroduction of new genes into a crop species to make it resistant to insect
herbivory