SCOTLAND Listening Hello - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

SCOTLANDSlide2

Listening

Hello

there

! I

come

fer

(

from

) a

large

town

, and

it

’s

on

a

very

big

river

, and

the

big

river

goes

out

to

the

sea

, and

once

upon

a

time

the

place

where

I

come

fer

used

to

build

ships

, and

these

ships

went

all

over

the

world

. And

people

went

everywhere

.

You

could

get

ships

to

Ireland

,

you

could

get

ships

to

your

Far

East

,

you

could

get

ships

to

England.

But

no’

anymore

,

because

the

industry

’s

all

gone

now

.

There

’s

nae

mair

(no more) o’

that

stuff

.

Now

the

town

is

broken

up

into

two

pieces

.

You

’

ve

got

the

East

End, and

that

’s

where

all

the

poor

people

come

fer

, and

you

’

ve

got

the

west

End.

That

’s

where

...

the

university

is.

You

’

ve

got

all

the

posh

people

down

that

way

.

You

get

people

like

...

talk

in

funny

ways

.

They

talk

posh

.

You

ken

what

I

mean

?

But

,

where

I

come

fer

,

it

’s

all

high-rise

blocks

and

motorways

.

In

the

old

days

—

do

you

know

what

I

mean

? —

there

was

the

Gorbals

and

there

was

tenement

flats

,

and

aye

!

Folks

were

rough

,

you

ken?

But

underneath

all

that

,

it

was

friendly

.

You

know

?

You

get

people

upstairs

,

you

get

your

friends

down

the

close

, and

everybody

going

together

. And

what

can

you

say

about

the

weather

?

Well

,

you

ken,

there

’s a

great

word

for

it

when

it

’s

kind

of

raining

and a

wee

bit

damp

.

It

’s

drich

. And

it

looks

drich

. I’

ll

tell

you

,

it

looks

drich

.Slide3

The National Flag

and

the

Royal Standard of Scotland

St. Andrew’s

flag

832 AD:

Scots

vs Northumbrians

Early

12th

century

,

King William of Scotland

Should

be

used

only

by

the

Sovereign

in

their

capacity

as

Monarch

of Scotland

Second

national

flagSlide4

National Symbols

Thistle

Battle of

Largs

1263

Viking

raiders

stood on

a patch of thistles and let out cries of painScots could drive them backEnd of Viking

Age

in

Scotland

St. Andrew

Fisherman

in GalileeCrucifIed by the Romans300 years after death his, Emperor Constantine wanted to remove bones, monk warned of this in dream, so took them to „ends of the world”Relics brought to St. Andews (destroyed during Reformation?)Slide5

25 JANUARYSlide6

Scottish Royal

Regalia

-

the

Honours of Scotland

Crown

:

from

Robert Bruce’s reign (1314), remodelled for James V in 1540Sceptre: gift

from

the

Pope

to

James IV in 1494. James V’s initials. Rock crystal

Sword of State: another pope’s gift to James V (1507), 1 metre long blade> Lost between 1707 and 1818 (Sir Walter Scott)Slide7

Royal Coat of

Arms

Arms

of

Queen

Elisabeth

used

in ScotlandSlide8

Royal Coat of

Arms

Arms

of Prince Charles

used

in

ScotlandSlide9

Coat of Arms

Official

coat

of

arms of the

King of Scots from the 12th c. until 1707Red

rampant lion within a red double border decorated with fleur-de-lis (traditionally said to represent the „

auld alliance" with France) > unlikely, as this alliance did not come to exist until the late 13th century

. Rather: added merely to make the arms more distinctive, as the symbol of a rampant lion was already used by several lords and kings.Red lion sitting on the Crown

of Scotland (part of

Honours

of

Scotland,

the Scottish Royal Regalia)

The lion wears the Crown of Scotland and holds both the Sceptre and the Sword of State.Stewart motto: "In Defens", a contraction of ”In My Defens God Me Defend”Surrounding the shield is the collar of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle (1687). Motto: „No one touches me with inpunity”The supporters are two crowned and chained unicorns or a unicorn and a lionThe compartment features thistles, the national flower of Scotland.Slide10

Timeline

5th

century

: The

original

inhabitants,

the Picts live in

the country

- descendants of Caledonii. Several

kingdoms - Isidore of Seville (600AD): „pictus” - Capital: Scone6th century

:

Irish

Scots

settle

in parts of the country bringing Christianity with them - St Columba (521-591) > Iona; Scottish Gaelic (!)9th century: The beginning of Viking attacks bring the Scots and Picts together - 843 Kenneth MacAlpin - To validate reign, Stone of Destiny (Scone Stone) from

Iona

to

Scone

–

Jacob’s

pillow

, St.

Columba

’s

travelling

altar

,

early

Gaelic

coronation

stone

. Edward I (

spoil

of

war

)Slide11

Timeline

11th

century

: The

Scots

conquer

the Lowlands defeating the

Anglo-Saxons and Margaret introduces

Roman Catholic

Christianity replacing the Celtic Christian Churchwife

of

Malcolm

III,

daughter

of Edward

the Exile and Ágota)Edinburgh: capital

Roman CatholicismAnglo-Saxon languageSlide12

Timeline

12th

century

:The

Normans

settle

in the Lowlands after

the invitation of

the Canmore

dynasty to help subdue the “uncivilised”

Highlanders

12th

century

:

The

Highland-Lowland

difference deepensCeltic Christian ChurchIndividual responsibilityCentral GovernmentClan systemCollective land ownershipScotsGaelic LanguageCollective responsibilityRoman Catholic ChurchWooden HutsIndividual land ownershipStone castles + cathedralsSlide13

Timeline

12th

century

:The

Normans

settle

in the Lowlands after

the invitation of

the Canmore

dynasty to help subdue the “uncivilised”

Highlanders

12th

century

:

The

Highland-Lowland

difference deepensHighlandsClan systemCollective land ownershipCollective responsibilityCeltic Christian ChurchWooden HutsGaelic LanguageLowlandsCentral GovernmentIndividual land ownershipIndividual responsibilityRoman Catholic ChurchStone castles + cathedralsScotsSlide14

Timeline

13th

century

: The

War

of Independence

- with the leadership of

William Wallace- begins

after the

Canmore dynasty dies out - Edward I, feudal overlord, invited

to

settle

dispute

- new Scottish

king (Balliol) sides with England’s enemy: France - Edward launches attack (1296), and carries away Stone of Destiny - William Wallace began Scottish War of Independence in 1297 - Victory at Stirling, defeated at Falkirk 14th century: The Battle of Bannockburn (with the leadership of Robert Bruce) brings Scottish victory and recognition

as

an

independent

kingdom

- 1314 -

decisive

victory

vs. Edward II

15th

century

:

The

Hundred

Years

War

and

the

War

of

Roses

keeps

England

busy

,

so

Scottish

kings

can

concentrate

on

subjugating

rebellious

clans

-

central

authority

is

extended

Slide15

Timeline

16th

century

: Scotland

becomes

a protestant country and

the Presbyterian Kirk is established

- early protestant

preachers executed (George Wishart)

or sent to galleys (John Knox) - 1559 John Knox returns from

exile

-

1560

Scotland is

protestant (Presbyterian Kirk – no

bishops) > ie.: abandons French alliance and Catholicism - Mary Queen of Scots (Grew up in Catholic France; Darnley, Rizzio, Bothwell; imprisoned and abdicates in favour of baby son (James VI); flees to England to cousin Elisabeth; executed)The Conference between Mary, Queen of Scots and John Knox at Holyrood Palace, 1561(Robert Inerarity Herdman)Slide16

Timeline

17th

century

:

Personal

Union with England – James Stuart of Scotland

inherits the English crown - 1603 (

after Elisabeth I dies without

heir) - James VI moves

from Edinburgh to London, attempts to unite 2 parliaments, tries to impose

Anglican

faith

on

Scottish by appointing 3

bishops - Charles I (new prayer book) > National Covenant, Presbyterian Church national Church independent of King, army to NewcastleKing can’t raise army > to Edinburgh to negotiate (Parl, Presb. respected) - 1642 Civil War (Covenanters/Presbyterians help Parliamentarians, Highlanders help Royalists) > Parliamentarians win, forget promise to introduce Presbyterian Church

+

execute

King (

Stuart

) >

declare

Charle

s’s

son

King of Scotland > Cromwell

occupies

Edinburgh

-

Restoration

(1660 Charles II)

Persecution

of

Presbyterians

,

Episcopacy

restored

by

James II

-

Glorious

Revolution

1688 (

Crown

taken

away

from

James II and offered to Princess Mary and her husband William of Orange (Dutch Calvinist) > Presbyterian Church is state Church againSlide17

Timeline

18th

century

:

Act

of Union between

Scotland and England, Great Britain is created1707: Union of Parliaments

REASONS:

Scottish Stuart House on throne

(Queen Anne)Both ProtestantCommon enemy: Catholic FranceDesire to

colonise

Trade

with

England and British Empire

Need of capital (Panama)

SCOTLANDLost her parliament and currencyKept her distinct Church (Presbyterian)Gained free trade with England and British EmpireSlide18

Timeline

18th

century

:

After

the

Jacobite uprisings are defeated

(two attempts

to restore

the Scottish Stuarts to the

throne

),

revenge

is

taken

on the Catholic Highlands and Highland Clans are destroyed1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies > George I of Hanover House (Next Stuart in line (James III) Catholic)Two uprisings (1715 and 1745-6) to restore Scottish Stuarts to British throne < both started from Highlands (Catholic majority), no support from

Lowlands

Bonnie

Prince Charlie

ocupied

Northern

Engand

(

papal

support

)

REVENGE:

End of

Highland

life

Exile

,

cottages

burnt

,

property

taken

away

>

mass

emigration

Massive

sheep

farms

Tartan

kilt

,

bagpipe

, highland games forbiddenSlide19

Timeline

19th

century

: The

rise

of the industrial

towns and revival of interest in

Scottish past.

Sir Walter Scott (

Scottish

Enlightenment

in

Lowlands

)historical novels (Rob Roy, Waverly)Friendship with King George IV Search for the Scottish royal regaliaRoyal visit 1822 with King wearing kiltShip building, coal mining (Glasgow)Huge working class1888 Labour Party founded (Keir Hardie) > 1924 Ramsey MacDonald: first Labor PMTartans

Number

of

colours

according

to

rank

(

kings

7,

druids

6,

nobles

4)

Weavers

of a

particular

area

(

Highlands

,

a

number

of

different

kilts

at

same

time

)

17th c.:

inhabitants

of

different districtsSince 1815: different families/clans > registeredSlide20

Timeline

20th

century

:

Devolution

– transfer

of power over domestic affairs from

London back to Edinburgh

Economic depression > Scottish National

Party formed1945: Coal mines, shipyards closed down under Margareth Thatcher

1969:

Oil

found

in North Sea

1996: Stone of Destiny back to Scotland after 700 years (kept now in Edinburgh)1997: Tony Blair promises to hold referendum to ensure majority for Labour Party at elections > Conservatives lose every seat in Scotland> 75% in favourSlide21

Timeline

Devolved

matters

include

Reserved matters

include

agriculture, forestry and fisheries

education and training environment health and social services housing law and order local government sport and the arts tourism and economic development many aspects of transport

benefits and social security

immigration

defence

foreign policy

employment

broadcasting trade and industry nuclear energy, oil, coal, gas and electricity consumer rights data protection the Constitution Slide22

21st

century

: Referendum

on

the

independence of Scotland

Timeline