Overview Adapted from the FAD PRePNAHEMS Guidelines Vaccination for Contagious Diseases 2014 National Veterinary Stockpile Regulation of veterinary vaccines Types of vaccines Vaccine delivery and delivery devices syringes needles etc ID: 677246
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Slide1
Vaccination for Contagious Diseases
Overview
Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS
Guidelines
: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases (2014)Slide2
National Veterinary Stockpile
Regulation of veterinary vaccinesTypes of vaccinesVaccine delivery and delivery devices: syringes, needles, etc.
Vaccine
handling and storage
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
This PresentationSlide3
National Veterinary
Stockpile(NVS)
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - OverviewSlide4
USDA APHIS VS resource
Augments State resourcesRepository of countermeasuresLogistical support for North American FMD Vaccine Bank
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
NVSSlide5
Regulation of Veterinary Vaccines
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - OverviewSlide6
USDA APHIS Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB)
Regulates veterinary biologicsSuch as vaccines, bacterins, antisera
Pure, safe, potent, and effective
Virus Serum Toxin Act
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Regulation of Vaccines Slide7
CVB - Policy, Evaluation and Licensing (PEL)
Establishes licensing standards Reviews prelicense documentation
Performs testing
CVB - Inspection & Compliance (IC)
Inspects production facilities, methods and recordsInvestigates suspected violations and consumer complaints
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Regulation of VaccinesSlide8
Types of Vaccines
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - OverviewSlide9
Modified live vaccines (MLV)
Replicate in host, mild clinical signs Killed inactivated vaccines
All or part of inactivated pathogen
Require adjuvant
Novel vaccines - includeGene-deleted vaccinesLive vectored vaccines
Plant-derived vaccinesDNA vaccinesUSDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Types of VaccinesSlide10
Contain live organisms
Sensitive to improper handling/storageMay cause disease in stressed animalsCan cause disease if given by the wrong route
Do not administer to pregnant animals, unless otherwise stated on label
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Modified Live Vaccines Slide11
Contain inactivated whole organism or portion of organism
Generally combined with an adjuvant Often require two doses to be effective
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Killed Vaccines Slide12
Types:
Gene-Deleted Vaccines Live Vectored Vaccines Plant-Derived Vaccines DNA Vaccines
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Novel VaccinesSlide13
May be live or killed vaccines
Developed with a companion diagnostic kitPrevents confusion between vaccinated animals and infected animalsFacilitate disease eradication
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
DIVA Vaccines Slide14
Vaccination Withdrawal Time:
The period between the administration of the vaccination and the time the vaccinated animal or products from that animal can legally enter the human food chain - specified in the vaccine licenseVaccines used in food animals are subject to withdrawal times
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Withdrawal TimesSlide15
Vaccine Delivery
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - OverviewSlide16
Routes
Parenteral InjectionNeedle-FreeIntranasalOcular
Oral
Spray/Topical
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Vaccine Delivery Slide17
Delivered with a syringe and
needleIn muscle (intramuscular)Under skin (subcutaneous)
Use a new needle for each animal
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Parenteral InjectionSlide18
Transdermal
Drives vaccine into skin by a burst of air or gasMinimal bodily fluid contaminationDelivery of vaccine to dermis may enhance efficacy
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Needle-Free Injection Slide19
Methods mimic natural route of infection
Intranasal Delivered with a squeeze bulb attached to intranasal device OcularPrimarily used for fowl (chickens)
Applied to surface of the eye
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Intranasal and Ocular Slide20
May be diluted in drinking water or sprayed onto food
Convenient for mass vaccinationLimited to fowl (chickens) and pigsGoal: Vaccinate a sufficient percentage of group
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Oral Vaccines Slide21
Diluted in water or diluted and misted, sprayed, or nebulized onto a large group of animals
Convenient for mass vaccinationGoal: Vaccinate a sufficient percentage of group
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Spray/Topical VaccinesSlide22
Vaccine Handling
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - OverviewSlide23
Appropriate temperature range to ensure efficacy
During transport, storage, and all handlingDo not freeze vaccines intended to be refrigerated
Do not subject to freeze-thaw cycles
Store in box until needed
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Cold ChainSlide24
When transporting:
Minimize the number of times transportedEnsure cold chain is maintainedWhen receiving vaccines:
Inspect immediately on arrival
Look for signs of physical damage
Check expiration dates
USDA APHIS and CFSPHFAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Transporting and Receiving Slide25
Dedicated to vaccine storage
Avoid temperature fluctuationsDo not use an outlet controlled by a wall switch or power strip
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Storage UnitsSlide26
Lyophilized vaccine needs a diluent
Diluents are not interchangeableAlways use the diluent provided with the vaccine and lot numberFollow manufacturer’s instructions for reconstituting vaccine
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
DiluentsSlide27
When using multi-dose vials:
Use sterile technique to withdraw vaccineNever remove rubber stopperDisinfect rubber stopper before piercingUse a sterile needle each time
Clearly mark vials with date, time, and user’s initials
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Maintaining SterilitySlide28
FAD
PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseaseshttp://
www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep
Vaccination for Contagious Diseases web-base training modulehttp://
naherc.sws.iastate.edu/
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
For More InformationSlide29
Authors (CFSPH)
Jim Roth, DVM, PhD, DACVMAmber
Stumbaugh
, MSAnna
Rovid-Spickler, DVM, PhDDanelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPM
Janice Mogan, DVMHeather Allen, PhD, MPAShaine DeVoe
Reviewers (USDA)
John Zack, DVM
Patricia Foley, DVM, PhD
R
. Alex Thompson, DVM,
PhD
John
Wiemers
, DVM, MS
USDA APHIS and CFSPH
FAD
PReP
/NAHEMS Guidelines: Vaccination for Contagious Diseases - Overview
Guidelines ContentSlide30
Acknowledgments
Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from
the
USDA APHIS
Veterinary
Services
PPT Author: Patricia Futoma, Veterinary Student
Reviewers: Cheryl L. Eia,
JD, DVM, MPH
; Janice Mogan, DVM