Educational Psychology Interactive Behavior Modification Last rev June 2012 Behavior Modification Techniques Five categories of behavior modification techniques Develop a new behavior Strengthen a new behavior ID: 431205
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Slide1
William G. Huitt
Educational Psychology Interactive
Behavior Modification
Last rev: June 2012Slide2
Behavior Modification Techniques
Five categories of behavior modification techniques
Develop a new behaviorStrengthen a new behaviorMaintain an established behaviorReduce inappropriate behaviorModify emotional behavior
Adapted from:
Krumboltz
, J., &
Krumboltz
, H. (1972).
Changing children's behavior
. New
York, NY:
Prentice-Hall.
Slide3
Develop a New Behavior
Successive Approximation Principle
Target behavior is one in which learner has seldom or never behaved.Reward successive steps to final target behavior (also called shaping).Slide4
Develop a New Behavior
Continuous Application of Consequences
Target behavior is one in which learner has seldom or never behaved.Provide immediate reward after every performance of the target behavior.Slide5
Develop a New Behavior
Negative Reinforcement Principle
Learner shows reluctance to exhibit target behavior or engage in learning process.Arrange for learner to escape a mild aversive stimulus by engaging in target behavior.
Allow learner to avoid mild aversive stimulus by emitting target behavior.Slide6
Develop a New Behavior
Premack
PrincipleHigh-frequency behavior can be used can be used to reinforce low-frequency behavior.Access to preferred activity is contingent on completing the low-frequency, non-preferred activity.
Also called “grandma’s rule”Slide7
Develop a New Behavior
Cueing Principle
Provide a cue or signal to learner as reminder to emit the target behavior at a particular time.Cue can act as discriminative stimulus.Slide8
Strengthen a New Behavior
Decreasing Reinforcement Principle
Gradually require a longer time period or more desired target behaviors before a consequence is provided.Slide9
Strengthen a New Behavior
Variable Reinforcement Principle
Provide learner with consequences after a variable number of desired target behaviors have been emitted.Generally will have been through a series of fixed schedules before using variable schedule. Slide10
Maintain Established Behavior
Substitution Principle
May need to change reinforcers when a previously effective reward begins to no longer control behaviorPresent reinforcer
just before (as close as possible) your presentation of the new, hopefully more effective,
reinforcer
.Slide11
Reduce Inappropriate Behavior
Satiation Principle
Allow learner to continue (even insist that he continue) performing the inappropriate or undesired behavior until he or she tires of it.Slide12
Reduce Inappropriate Behavior
Extinction Principle
Arrange for the learner to receive no reinforcement for engaging in an inappropriate or undesired behavior. Slide13
Reduce Inappropriate Behavior
Incompatible Alternative Principle
Reinforce an alternative action that is inconsistent with the inappropriate or undesired behavior or cannot be performed at the same time.Slide14
Reduce Inappropriate Behavior
Response Cost Principle
Remove a pleasant or positive stimulus immediately after the undesired act is emitted. As response cost and punishment result in increased hostility and aggression, these should be used infrequently and in conjunction with reinforcement.Slide15
Modify Emotional Behavior
Avoidance Principle
To teach a learner to avoid a specific situation, simultaneously present the situation to be avoided (or some representation of it) and some aversive stimulus (or it’s representation).Slide16
Modify Emotional Behavior
Fear Reduction Principle
To help a learner overcome a fear of a particular stimulus and/or situation, gradually increase the exposure to the feared situation while the learner is otherwise comfortable, relaxed, secures, and/or rewarded.Slide17
Behavioral Learning Theories
To
review Overview of behavioral learning theories.Classical conditioning theory.Overview of operant conditioning.Techniques of operant conditioning.Schedules for applying consequences.Behavior modification techniques.
To take a quiz on behavioral theories.